Changes in distribution patterns of weed species richness in agricultural lands on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau under climate change北大核心CSCD

农田杂草是阻碍农业生产的主要因素之一.明确农田杂草丰富度分布格局对农业生产管理具有重要意义.以青藏高原农田杂草为研究对象,利用物种分布模型探讨基于县域尺度的农田杂草物种丰富度分布格局及其未来(2050s)的变化,利用逐步回归筛选影响物种丰富度的环境因子,基于传统最小二乘法(OLS)和地理加权回归模型(GWR)分析环境因子对农田杂草物种丰富度的影响,并对两种分析方法进行比较.结果显示:(1)分布在青藏高原的农田主要杂草有51科284种,其中59种单子叶杂草、222种双子叶杂草、135种一年生杂草和149种多年生杂草.青藏高原农田杂草物种丰富度呈由西向东递增的变化规律,物种丰富度中心(丰富度值为167-194)主要集中在一江两河、河湟谷地和川西北等地区;(2)全球气候变化背景下,未来(2050s)青藏高原农田杂草物种丰富度整体呈由东南向西北方向增加的趋势,其中SSP1-2.6情境下最多增加43种,SSP5-8.5情境下最多增加49种;(3)GWR模型优于OLS,其结果表明青藏高原农田杂草物种丰富度的主要驱动因子是最冷季平均温、太阳辐射和最干月降水量,上述变量对杂草丰富度的影响存在明显的空间差异性,其中最冷季平均温由南向北逐渐从负向影响转变为正向影响.太阳辐射整体在青藏高原东部边缘等地区对农田杂草丰富度起正向的影响,在藏东南、青藏高原北部边缘等地区起负向的影响.最干月降水量对整个研究区域起负向影响,并表现出影响力由南向北逐步递增的趋势.上述结果表明青藏高原农田杂草物种丰富度调查不足,实际观测到的丰富度值明显低于当前气候下潜在的丰富度值,存在低估现象.当前气候背景下的农田杂草物种丰富度中心分布地区在未来仍是重点监管对象,且未来青藏高原部分地区作物可能面临新的杂草入侵风险.建议未来研究应注重于青藏高原粮食主产区农田杂草群落结构和功能调查、杂草和作物种间关系、耕地尺度上丰富度驱动因子分析等方面,为区域杂草管理和防治提供充分科学依据.(图6表2参53)     

Intervention factors associated with environmental stressors resulting from cross-provincial transfers by coal resource-based enterprises

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The environmental stressors associated with the cross-provincial transfer of coal resource-based enterprises (CREs) have become a critical concern for the...     

Association of hearing loss with total and cause-specific mortality in US adults

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - We expected to explore the associations of hearing loss and hearing thresholds at different frequencies with total and cause-specific mortality. In...     

水肥管理对热带地区双季稻田CH4和N2O排放的影响

水稻土被广泛认为是甲烷（CH₄）和氧化亚氮（N₂O）主要排放源,深入研究不同水肥管理条件下热带地区双季稻田CH₄和N₂O的排放特征,对补充我国双季稻田温室气体排放研究的不足意义重大.本研究设置8个处理：常规灌溉-施磷钾肥（D-PK）、常规灌溉-施氮磷钾肥（D-NPK）、常规灌溉-施氮磷钾+有机肥（D-NPK+M）、常规灌溉-施有机肥（D-M）、长期淹水-施磷钾肥（F-PK）、长期淹水-施氮磷钾肥（F-NPK）、长期淹水-施氮磷钾+有机肥（F-NPK+M）和长期淹水-施有机肥（F-M）.采用密闭静态箱-气相色谱法测定双季稻田CH₄和N₂O排放量,测定水稻产量和估算全球增温潜势（GWP）及温室气体排放强度（GHGI）.结果表明：①早稻季和晚稻季CH₄累积排放量分别为10.3~78.9 kg·hm^-2和84.6~185.5 kg·hm^-2.与F-PK和F-NPK处理相比,早稻季F-NPK+M和F-M处理显著增加CH₄累积排放量.同一施肥条件下,长期淹水处理CH₄累积排放量高于常规灌溉处理.灌溉和施肥极显著影响早稻季CH₄累积排放量.②早稻季和晚稻季N₂O累积排放量分别为0.18~0.76 kg·hm^-2和0.15~0.58 kg·hm^-2.与F-PK处理相比,早稻季F-NPK处理N₂O累积排放量显著增加;与D-PK相比,D-NPK、D-NPK+M和D-M处理显著增加N₂O累积排放量.与F-PK相比,晚稻季长期淹水其它处理N₂O累积排放量显著增加;与D-PK处理相比,D-NPK和D-M处理N₂O累积排放量显著增加.施肥极显著影响早稻季N₂O排放;灌溉和施肥极显著影响晚稻季N₂O排放.③早稻和晚稻产量分别为7310.7~9402.4 kg·hm^-2和3902.8~7354.6 kg·hm^-2,且F-NPK和F-M处理下早稻产量显著高于F-PK和D-NPK、D-PK和D-NPK处理.与PK处理相比,同一灌溉条件下其余3种施肥处理均显著增加晚稻产量.早稻季GWP和GHGI分别为580.8~2818.5kg·hm^-2和0.08~0.30 kg·kg^-1.与F-PK处理相比,常规灌溉条件下早稻季各施肥处理间GWP无显著性差异;但长期淹水条件下F-NPK+M和F-M处理GWP均显著增加.早稻季F-NPK+M和F-M处理GHGI显著高于其它处理.晚稻季GWP和GHGI分别为3091.6~6334.2 kg·hm^-2和0.50~1.23 kg·kg^-1.灌溉显著影响早稻和晚稻季GWP和GHGI,施肥对晚稻季GWP和GHGI的影响不显著.④土壤NH₄⁺-N含量和5 cm土温均与CH₄排放呈极显著负相关,pH与CH₄排放呈极显著正相关,但与N₂O排放呈显著负相关.土壤NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N含量与N₂O排放呈极显著负相关.综合作物产量、GWP和GHGI考虑,D-NPK+M可推荐为当地最优的减排稳产的水肥管理模式.     

Simultaneous photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) and oxidation of phenol over monoclinic BiVO4 under visible light irradiation

BiVO4 powder with monoclinic structure was prepared and used as a visible-light catalyst simultaneously for the photooxidation of phenol and the photoreduction of Cr(VI). The photocatalytic efficiency was found to be rather low for either single phenol solution or single Cr(VI) solution. However, the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) and photocatalytic oxidation of phenol proceed more rapidly for the coexistence system of phenol and Cr(VI) than for the single process, showing synergetic effect between the oxidation and reduction reactions. For the simultaneous photocatalytic reduction-oxidation process, the first-order kinetic constant of phenol degradation was 0.0314 min-1, being about six times higher than that for the photocatalytic process of single phenol. This result reveals the feasibility of using Cr(VI) as the electron scavenger of mBiVO4-mediated photocatalytic process of phenol degradation, and gives us an enlightenment to employ other semiconductor with a better visible light response but with a more positive band edge to efficiently degrade organic pollutants. This is the first report for simultaneous photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) and removal of phenol under visible light irradiation using photocatalyst mBiVO4.     

Joint anti-estrogenic effects of PCP and TCDD in primary cultures of juvenile goldfish hepatocytes using vitellogenin as a biomarker

This work evaluated the joint anti-estrogenic effects of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) against 17beta-estradiol (E2) in juvenile goldfish (Carassius auratus) hepatocyte cultures. The level of vitellogenin (VTG) as a biomarker was determined by exposing hepatocytes to individual E2, PCP and TCDD, as well as to E2 in the presence of PCP, TCDD or their mixtures of various concentrations. PCP and TCDD did not exhibit estrogenicity. Both chemicals reduced the estrogenicity of E2, indicating the anti-estrogenic effects of PCP and TCDD. Their anti-estrogenic EC(50) values were calculated. The joint anti-estrogenic effects against E2 increased with increasing the PCP-to-TCDD ratio of mixture. Marking's indices were <0, suggesting an antagonism in anti-estrogenic effects between PCP and TCDD. The anti-estrogenic effects of PCP appeared to result primarily from the competitive binding to estrogen receptor. While TCDD may undergo an indirect binding process for its anti-estrogenic effects, the accurate mechanisms remain to be understood. The observed antagonism in anti-estrogenic effects resulted apparently from the mutual inhibition by PCP and TCDD.     

生命周期评价在我国固体废物环境管理中的应用

生命周期评价是评价产品、工艺或活动（服务）整个生命周期阶段有关环境负荷,进而辨识和评价减少环境影响机会的一种非常有用的工具。将生命周期评价应用于固体废物环境管理,无疑对于我国建立科学化的固体废物环境管理模式具有十分重要的作用。本文对生命周期评价的定义、主要阶段、应用工具、特点进行了阐述,并对生命周期评价如何应用于我国固体废物环境管理进行了探讨。     

Nonylphenol photodegradation by novel ternary MIL-100（Fe）/ZnFe2O4/PCN composite under visible light irradiation via double charge transfer process

Nonylphenol（NP） residues, as a typical endocrine disrupting chemical（EDC）, frequently exist in sewage, surface water, groundwater and even drinking water, which poses a serious threat to human health due to its bioaccumulation. In order to remove NP, a series of MIL-100（Fe）/Zn Fe₂O₄/flake-like porous carbon nitride（MIL/ZC） was synthesized through in-situ synthesis at room temperature. High performance of ternary MIL/ZC is used to degrade NP under visible light irradiation. ...     

颗粒层除尘器过滤状态压力损失的研究

根据Ｍｅｈｔｅｒ等人提出的过滤状态下颗粒层除尘顺压力梯度比表达式，建立了压力损失数学模型，该模型表明过滤状态下的压力损失与初始压力损失，粉尘在颗粒层中的沉积率和积灰量有关。收石英砂颗粒层的压力损失的实验结果，确定了粉尘沉积率计算公式，最终得出了过滤状态下颗粒层压力损失随过滤时间和粉尘在颗粒层中积灰量的变化规律，从而为合理地选择过滤风速和确定清灰制度提供了依据。     

环境内分泌干扰物浅析

国内外对环境内分泌干扰物的研究证实，人类的生殖障碍、发育异常、某些癌症及某些免疫系统、神经系统疾病与环境内分泌干扰物的效应有关，本文对环境内分泌干扰物概念及问题产生背景、种类、对人类健康的危害及作用机制作了浅要的综合分析，并提出了对污染现状的认识与防治对策。