液氨泄漏事故树分析及风险预测

对液氨泄漏的原因进行了系统的归类,依此绘制了液氨泄漏事故树。分析得出,管理问题的基本事件结构重要度均要大于设备故障的基本事件,对各基本事件提出了相应的防范措施。最后以甘肃某化肥厂液氨储罐为例,对事故树中管道破裂致液氨泄漏产生的危害范围进行了预测。     

重庆市机动车尾气对大气环境的影响分析及减缓措施

在对重庆市机动车保有量、主城区交通状况进行深入调查的基础上，对机动车尾气排放对大气环境的影响进行了细致的分析与评估。阐述了机动车尾气是造成重庆市大气污染的重要因素。同时结合国内外一些先进的预防、控制和处理汽车尾气污染的方法，及近年来的观察、研究和试验，提出了合理减缓、控制机动车尾气污染的措施，以防止机动车尾气污染进一步蔓延。     

含松醇油实际选矿废水的COD生物降解

从广东省某铅锌矿尾矿库周边的土壤中分离并纯化出3株能有效降解松醇油的菌株,分别命名为KS-1、KS-2和KS-3,实验表明KS-1菌株对含松醇油的模拟选矿废水化学需氧量（COD）降解效果最好,鉴定结果表明该菌株为枯草芽孢杆菌。在此基础上,重点研究了KS-1菌株对尾矿库实际外排选矿废水的处理效果,探索了不同接种量、pH和温度对COD降解效果的影响。结果表明,在接种量为5％、pH为6．0、温度为25℃的条件下,菌株KS-1降解实际废水COD的效果最佳,且搅拌有利于菌株对废水COD的降解。该工艺参数下,48h内COD降低到12．87mg／L,达到了国家新的《铅锌工业污染物排放标准》（GB25466．2010）的要求。     

铁离子对滇池藻类生长的影响

有关氮、磷对滇池藻类生长的影响研究已有大量的报道.但关于铁离子对滇池藻类影响的研究还未见报道.以滇池藻样为对象,实验了不同铁离子浓度对滇池藻类生长的影响.结果表明,不同浓度范围铁离子对滇池藻类光合作用的促进或抑制是影响其生长的最主要因素.实验结果提示, 在控制湖泊藻类生长时,除了要注意控制氮、磷之外,还应考虑铁离子对藻类生长的影响.     

Heterogeneous reaction of SO2 on CaCO3 particles: Different impacts of NO2 and acetic acid on the sulfite and sulfate formation

Despite the heterogeneous reaction of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) on mineral dust particles significantly affects the atmospheric environment, the effect of acidic gases on the formation of sulfite and sulfate from this reaction is not particularly clear. In this work, using the in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) technique, we employed a mineral dust particle model (CaCO₃) combined with NO₂ and acetic acid to investigate their effects on the heterogeneous reaction of SO₂ on CaCO₃ particles. It was found that water vapor can promote the formation of sulfite and simulated radiation can facilitate the oxidation of sulfite to sulfate. The addition of NO₂ or acetic acid to the reaction system altered the production of sulfate and sulfite accordingly. There was a synergistic effect between NO₂ and SO₂ that promoted the oxidation of sulfite to sulfate, and a competitive effect between acetic acid and SO₂ that inhibited the formation of sulfite. Moreover, light and water vapor can also affect the heterogeneous reaction of SO₂ with the coexistence of multiple gases. These findings improve our understanding of the effects of organic and inorganic gases and environmental factors on the formation of sulfite and sulfate in heterogeneous reactions.     

两株柴油降解菌的性能研究

以0#柴油为惟一碳源,对两株柴油降解菌DS-Ⅰ菌和DS-Ⅲ菌降低液体表面张力的能力、柴油降解动力学及表面活性物质成分进行了研究。实验结果表明:DS-Ⅰ菌和DS-Ⅲ菌在生长过程中均可产生糖脂类生物表面活性物质,使发酵液表面张力降低;在11d的发酵时间内,DS-Ⅰ菌和DS-Ⅲ菌使发酵液中柴油的质量浓度从48.72m g/L分别降至16.64m g/L和9.17m g/L,柴油降解率分别为65.84%和81.18%,柴油降解速率分别为5.16m g/(L.d)和5.96m g/(L.d)。发酵液表面张力的降低与柴油的降解效果有显著的相关性。DS-Ⅲ菌在疏水性、对柴油的生长适应性和柴油降解速率等方面比DS-Ⅰ菌更好。     

回收电解锰渣中的可溶性锰

以电解锰渣滤液为实验原料,研究了利用二氧化碳和氨水回收锰渣滤液中可溶性锰的工艺,实验结果表明:当n(氨水):n(可溶性锰)为2.50、二氧化碳曝气流量为50 L/h、曝气时间为5 min、振荡时间为60 min时,可溶性锰回收率达75%以上;对沉淀物进行X射线衍射分析,碳酸锰纯度接近100%。1kg电解锰渣可回收27 mg碳酸锰。     

TiO2-Bi2O3纳米粒子气相光催化降解对二甲苯

采用沉淀法制备了TiO2-Bi2O3纳米粒子,并对其进行结构表征.以制得的TiO2-Bi2O3为光催化剂,以对二甲苯为目标污染物,研究了对二甲苯气相光催化氧化降解的影响因素.实验结果表明:经750 ℃焙烧的光催化剂对对二甲苯的催化效果最好;随氧气加入量的增加,对二甲苯的降解率增大;少量水蒸气的加入,可增大对对二甲苯降解率;采用L-H动力学模型得到对二甲苯光催化降解的反应速率常数和吸附常数分别为0.089 5 μmol/(L· min)和0.000785 L/μmol.     

Recycling of low-silicate iron tailings in the production of lightweight building materials

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - A feasible process for preparing lightweight building materials from the low-silicate iron tailings was developed. Various proportions of...