电镀工人的细胞遗传学效应

本文共检查了34名电镀厂生产工人和10名该厂行政人员的外用淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体交换,结果表明,两者间有显著性的差异(P<0.01).但不同工龄间的差异并不明显.还分析了其中7名镀镍工人和7名镀铬工人以及三名已调离生产车间的电镀工人外周淋巴细胞染色体畸变.结果表明均有明显增加.此外还对镀镍和镀铬工人头发和粪便中镍、铬含量以及他们所在车间空气中镍、铬含量进行了测定.     

水中天然有机大分子对混凝影响的电动特征

以流动电流为特征参数，研究了水处理混凝过程中，天然有机大分子对水中悬浮胶体颗粒，无机盐混凝剂及其相互作用过程所表现出的电动性质特征，探讨了ＨＡ和ＤＡ影响混凝过程电动特性的条件与机理。结果表明，ＨＡ和ＤＡ的存在大大降低了无机盐混凝剂对水中悬浮胶粒作用的电动效果，这与二对混凝效果的影响具有一致性。     

污水消毒技术评述

污水消毒技术已经有了一个多世纪的发展,而水资源短缺和水质标准的提高使得人们对污水消毒技术的要求更加严格.传统加氯消毒虽然技术成熟、应用广泛,但由于产生有毒消毒副产物,正逐渐被其他消毒工艺替代,这种趋势在国外尤为明显.本文就目前使用的污水消毒工艺的原理、特点和常用参数作了介绍,同时对目前研究较多的新技术作简要概述,为我国污水消毒技术的改进提供借鉴.     

聚合絮凝剂电解制备过程的极化特性研究

对于沙壤土柱实验，用ＴＤＲ结合土壤抽提液的溶质分析，研究了在非饱和灌溉条件下的硝化和ＮＯ＾－３的迁移，测得的土壤体电导率与土壤抽提液的电导率之比和土壤含水量成线性关系，籍此用ＴＤＲ可以确定非饱和灌溉条件下土壤中溶质浓度的变化规律；     

环境污染影响因素的经济计量分析——以江苏省为例

要本文在分析经济增长因素对环境污染排放影响机理的基础上．构建环境污染排放经济计量综合分析模型，以江苏省为例．应用1990—2002年社会经济及环境统计混合截面数据进行实证研究．分析导致江苏省环境污染恶化的主要经济原因。初步研究结果表明：经济活动、工业结构重型化调整、城市化进程是导致环境污染排放增加的主要因素，提高环保科技进步水平、加大环保投资及政府管制力度可以有效控制环境的污染。最后根据模拟结果，得出进行经济增长方式的转变、产业结构优化和升级、加大环保管制力度是现阶段实现环境与经济协调发展的迫切需要的结论。     

SG-Ⅰ型多功能光化学反应装置的研制

SG Ⅰ型多功能光化学反应装置是目前国内外处理容量较大、监测系统较为齐全 ,操作控制自动化程度较高的一种准工业化处理环境污染物的中间装置。它能有效地去除水、植物体及其果实中的环境污染物     

Toxicity evaluation of organic sediment extracts resolved by size exclusion chromatography using rainbow trout hepatocytes.

The (geno)toxicity of sediment dichloromethane extracts and fractions obtained by size exclusion chromatography were evaluated to investigate effects based on size fractionation. In this study, three sediments were selected according to their incremental contamination in PAHs and in PCBs: Hamilton harbour, Toronto bay and lake St. Clair sediments. Heavy metals, total sulfur and elemental sulfur (S8) were also determined in the (un)fractionated sediment extracts. The liver cells were exposed to concentrations of sediment extracts and fractionated samples for 24 h at 15 degrees C, afterwhich cell viability, cytochrome P4501A1 activity, available free Zn, DNA damage and oxidative stress were determined. The results showed that the sediment extracts contained high levels of sulfur most of which was found in the low molecular weight (LMW) region, i.e., the 2000-50 atomic mass unit (amu) fraction. Elemental sulfur (S8) accounted for 14-41% of extractable sulfur and were found to elute in the post-column volume (PCV) fraction despite its molecular weight of 256 amu. Heavy metals were found mainly in the HMW (i.e. the > 2000 amu) fraction and LMW fractions and very few or none were observed in the PCV fractions. In sediment extracts, sublethal effects were present principally by the HMW and LMW fractions suggesting that some chemicals were also associated with high molecular weight compounds of extractable organic matter. Less toxicity or effect was sometimes found in the extract indicating an antagonistic effect of the contaminants. We found that cell viability and genotoxicity evaluations could be performed on the unfractionated extracts while EROD, available Zn and oxidative stress measurements should be performed on the LMW fractions because of possible antagonist or shielding effects. Considering the cytotoxic responses, the best toxicity ranking in respect to contaminant levels in sediment extract was obtained with the LMW and PCV fractions which accounted for most of the toxic responses in the chromatographic fractions. Moreover, the shielding effect could be explained, in part, by the association of LMW contaminants to large macromolecules.     

草制浆造纸中段废水处理及回用技术分析研究

中段废水是制浆造纸工业的主要污染源之一,从工程设计的角度出发,对草制浆造纸中段废水处理及回用提出一套可行适用的工艺方案;对主要工艺环节参数、设备备有说明,以供同行借鉴.     

不同管材水管与静态自来水水质间的相互影响

对比了铝塑复合管（PAP）、铜管、不锈钢管和镀锌铁管对静态自来水的总有机碳（TOC）、溶解氧（DO）、浊度、细菌总数和大肠菌群等水质指标的影响。实验结果表明，铜管对自来水水质指标影响最小，且具有良好的卫生性能。同时，通过场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）的观察，对比分析了铜管和铝塑复合管在浸泡实验前后其内表面形态特征的变化，结果显示自来水中浸泡10个月以后，铜管内表面密集地分布着块状的孔雀石晶体，而铝塑复合管内表面已严重变形，产生很多褶皱。     

Comparison of the effects of aluminum and iron(III) salts on ultrafiltration membrane biofouling in drinking water treatment

Coagulation plays an important role in alleviating membrane fouling, and a noticeable problem is the development of microorganisms after long-time operation, which gradually secrete extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). To date, few studies have paid attention to the behavior of microorganisms in drinking water treatment with ultrafiltration (UF) membranes. Herein, the membrane biofouling was investigated with different aluminum and iron salts. We found that Al₂(SO₄)₃·18H₂O performed better in reducing membrane fouling due to the slower growth rate of microorganisms. In comparison to Al₂(SO₄)₃·18H₂O, more EPS were induced with Fe₂(SO₄)₃·xH₂O, both in the membrane tank and the sludge on the cake layer. We also found that bacteria were the major microorganisms, of which the concentration was much higher than those of fungi and archaea. Further analyses showed that Proteobacteria was dominant in bacterial communities, which caused severe membrane fouling by forming a biofilm, especially for Fe₂(SO₄)₃·xH₂O. Additionally, the abundances of Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia were relatively higher in the presence of Al₂(SO₄)₃·18H₂O, resulting in less severe biofouling by effectively degrading the protein and polysaccharide in EPS. As a result, in terms of microorganism behaviors, Al-based salts should be given preference as coagulants during actual operations.