碧水蓝天不是梦——全国人大环境与资源委员会主任委员曲格平答本刊记者问

记者问:您在东京接受"蓝色星球奖"时所发表的《梦想与期待》那篇演讲,引起了读者的很大兴趣.您过去从事环境管理,现在从事环境立法,都是具体实在的工作."梦想"一词出自您口,很新鲜.出于好奇,我想了解您的想法.     

跨行政区界断面水质考核考评方法的探讨

总结了目前国内常用的跨行政区界断面水质考核方法,通过两种打分方法、结合黑龙江省实例、按照水质类别法进行了考评分析。结果显示：综合出境断面达标状况和出入境断面水质对比的考评方法可更为准确地反映如何通过用环境质量的改善体现行政区内污染物减排效果的好方法。     

Integrated benefits of power generation by straw biomass — A case study on the Sheyang Straw Power Plants in Jiangsu Province, China

Power generation using straw biomass has quantifiable benefits from an economic, ecological, and sociological perspective in China. The methods used to construct the assessment models of these integrated benefits were the revenue capitalization approach and the discounted-cash-flow approach. The results indicated that a straw power plant with the capacity of 2.50×10⁷W and burning 1.23×10⁵ tons of cotton straw could annually supply 1.40×10⁸ kWh of power. However, it would not be until six years later that these results could be measured. Over the long term, the gross benefits could reach up to 4.63×10⁸ Yuan. Therefore, the total benefits are expected to be 1.18 × 10¹² Yuan if all available straw resources are used to generate power. The policy implication showed that the long-term integrated benefits of power generation by straw biomass outweighed the short-term benefits. This is the main incentive to use straw biomass for power generation in the future.     

应急响应手册2008版与2000版的差别

通过对应急响应手册2008版与2000版进行比较,找出2008版修订的内容,对于增加的内容进行了详细介绍。     

再生铅冶炼的土壤环境影响评价——以一再生铅冶炼企业10万吨废旧铅酸蓄电池项目为例

再生铅冶炼是对铅废弃物的循环利用,也是防治铅污染的重要手段,但如果在冶炼过程中处置不当,会引起土壤污染。以年处理10万t废铅酸蓄电池为例,根据铅排放浓度和排放量、在大气中沉降规律以及在土壤的累积规律,探讨了再生铅冶炼项目的土壤累积影响。     

大气中VOCs的污染现状及治理技术研究进展

对近十年来大气中有机污染物(VOCs)的污染现状以及目前采用的主要治理技术的研究进展进行了总结。重点介绍了吸附法、膜分离法、液体吸收法、催化燃烧法以及光催化氧化处理技术等治理技术,并对其优缺点进行了述评。最后探讨了大气中VOCs治理技术的发展现状。     

有机氯农药的固相萃取实验条件研究

固相萃取技术是一种最常使用的样品制备方法,被广泛用于水样的预处理、空气中痕量有机化合物和生物样品中被测定组分的富集过程。实验使用全自动固相萃取仪萃取水中的有机氯农药类化合物,以空白加标回收率来评价固相萃取的富集效率,讨论了固相萃取实验条件的不同对样品萃取效率的影响。     

木炭窑废气治理方法研究

近年来木炭的新用途及作为新材料的研究开发十分活跃,使该行业市场前景被看好.但木炭窑废气造成的环境污染严重的制约了该行业的发展.目前比较多的木炭窑规模较小,布局分散,应尽量选择投资少、运行费用低的治理方法以利于解决实际问题.     

Advances in the study of directed evolution for cellulases

If cellulose can be effectively hydrolyzed into glucose by cellulase, the production costs of hydrogen, ethanol or other chemicals from cellulosic materials will be greatly decreased, and economically viable production of biohydrogen and bioethanol will become feasible. Cellulose is degraded into glucoses by multi-component enzyme systems. Nowadays cellulases are widely used in brewing, food, bioenergy, fodder, textiles, paper, pharmaceuticals, environmental protection and other industries. However, existing cellulases have several problems that limit their wider applications, including the low turnover number for solid cellulosic materials, and low stability in adapting to various application conditions. For example, high temperature, low pH, and so on. Application of directed evolution technology may be one of the most effective ways for improving the characteristics of cellulases. This paper presents a brief review of the cellulases hydrolysis mechanism by cellulase, advances in cellulases (endoglucanase and β-glucosidase) improvement by directed evolution for several characteristics (for instance, thermal stability, pH adaptability and enzyme activity), limitations of directed evolution for cellulases, and the outlook for directed evolution for cellulase.     

A 50-year sedimentary record of heavy metals and their chemical speciations in the Shuangtaizi River estuary (China): implications for pollution and biodegradation

Two parallel sediment cores collected from tidal flat located in the Shuangtaizi River estuary were analyzed for heavy metal concentrations and chemical speciations. Based on the ¹³⁷Cs activity profile, mean sedimentation rate at the sampling site during the past 50 years was estimated to be 1.3 cm·a⁻¹. Correlation analyses show that almost all the metals are associated with each other, suggesting that these metals might be derived from same sources and/or affected by same geochemical processes. Influence of total organic carbon (TOC) content on the concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu and Cd is evident. Silt and clay contents, instead of sand content, play an important role in the distribution of these metals. The dominant binding phases for most of the metals (except for Cd) are the residual. The relative decrease of the residual fraction of Cd and Pb in the upper 66 cm of the core is striking. The distribution of chemical fraction confirms that the residual fractions of these metals have a natural origin, while only the non-residual fractions of Cd and Pb increased upward the core due to pollution in the past five decades. Pollution assessment on these heavy metals based on Index of Geoaccumulation (I _geo) also demonstrates that most of the metals are unpolluted. The weak pollution as observed in the sediments is perhaps related to a local plant, the Suaeda heteroptera Kitag, which may have played a significant role in the biodegradation of these metals and the metal distribution in the estuary.