快速消解分光光度法测定化学耗氧量的研究

使用DRB200数字式消解器、DR/2400便携式分光光度计,测定水中化学需氧量,不同的消解时间对测定值的影响,用COD标准溶液对实际样品的测定进行校核试验,其精密度、准确度和加标回收效果理想.     

Practical performance and its efficiency of arsenic removal from groundwater using Fe-Mn binary oxide

A treatment unit packed by granular adsorbent of Fe-Mn binary oxide incorporated into diatomite (FMBO(1:1)-diatomite) was studied to remove arsenic from anaerobic groundwater without any pre-treatment or post-treatment. The raw anaerobic groundwater containing 35-45 μg/L of arsenic was collected from suburb of Beijing. Arsenic(III) constituted roughly 60%-80% of the total arsenic content. Approximately 7,000 bed volumes (ratio of efluent volume to adsorbent volume) treated water with arsenic concentration below 10 μg/L were produced in the operation period of four months. The regeneration of FMBO(1:1)-diatomite had been operated for 15 times. In the first stage, the regeneration process significantly improved the adsorption capacity of FMBO(1:1)-diatomite. With increased loading amount of Fe-Mn binary oxide, the adsorption capacity for arsenic decreased 20%-40%. Iron and manganese in anaerobic groundwater were oxidized and adsorptive filtrated by FMBO(1:1)-diatomite efficiently. The final concentrations of iron and manganese in efluents were nearly zero. The continued safe performance of the treatment units proved that adsorbent FMBO(1:1)-diatomite had high oxidation ability and exhibited strong adsorptive filtration.     

氮磷限制对铜绿微囊藻生长和产毒的影响

采用分批培养的方式研究了铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)在氮、磷单因子营养限制条件下的生长和产毒情况.结果表明,氮限制对铜绿微囊藻的生长和产毒都有明显的抑制作用,而磷限制对其生长和产毒没有明显的抑制作用.在氮限制条件下,铜绿微囊藻的生物量仅为控制组的30%～50%,产毒量也仅为控制组的10%～60%;并且氮限制会促进细胞分裂,缩短细胞的生长周期.这可能是因为氮是铜绿微囊藻生长和产毒所必需的元素,直接控制着铜绿微囊藻的生长和产毒;所以若培养基中的氮浓度比较低,会直接导致微囊藻的生物量较少和产毒量比较低.磷限制甚至磷被耗尽时对铜绿微囊藻的生长和产毒都影响不大,这可能与铜绿微囊藻体内储存的含磷颗粒物有关.实验结果表明,在本实验条件下,水体中氮限制对铜绿微囊藻的生长和产毒影响较大.     

板纸造纸废水推广“零排放”初探

板纸造纸废水“零排放”技术是在水资源大量消耗、环境污染日益严重的情况下出现的,这一技术体现了清洁生产的思想。文章中就国际和国内的造纸废水零排放情况做了简单介绍,在目前的情况下,已经有成功地实现了造纸废水零排放的先例,明确了能够实现“零排放”的条件。结合淄博市相关造纸企业的“零排放”技术实施情况,对这一技术实施推广中发现的问题及可采取的措施做了初步探讨,以使这一清洁生产技术得到更好地推广。总之,推广这一技术,已势在必行。     

谈规划环评中环境背景分析和影响预测的时间跨度

根据规划环境影响评价的理论和规划环境影响评价实践中得到的启示,在充分认识规划环境影响评价不仅具有空间范围,还具有时间跨度特点的基础上,探讨规划环境影响评价中考虑时间跨度的必要性,以及环境背景分析和环境影响预测中考虑时间跨度的评价和预测思路。     

污水处理厂TBT融资模式的应用分析

阐述了我国污水处理厂现有的BOT、TOT、TBT融资模式.以大连市1个污水处理厂为例进行TBT模式的应用构想,并对TBT的2种方式分别进行分析.指出TBT模式进行污水处理厂的建设,可以节省投资,充分回用污水处理厂出水,实现污水资源化;把TBT模式应用于污水处理厂和热电公司,除具有以上优势外,还可节省热电公司的用水成本和工业水厂的水处理成本.     

The promotion of clean development mechanism to cement industry capturing waste heat for power generation in China

The clean development mechanism (CDM), one of three flexible mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol, has received noticeable attention in cement industry in china. In this paper we will discuss in past the utilization ratios of waste heat generated in cement industry are at low level in China and at present it is at high level and how the CDM contributes to upgrade cement industry structure. Making fully use of the opportunity brought by clean development mechanism can help cement enterprises in china to recover the waste heat generated in the process of cement production. Implementing the development of clean development mechanism projects in cement industry field, mainly focusing on waste heat for power generation projects, can not only reduce environmental pollution, but also bring certain economic and social benefit. It is in favor of promoting the upgrade of cement industrial structure, and will contribute to positive and far-reaching effect toward sustainable development of cement industry in China.     

Electrochemical incineration of dimethyl phthalate by anodic oxidation with boron-doped diamond electrode

The anodic oxidation of aqueous solutions containing dimethyl phthalate (DMP) up to 125 mg/L with sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) as supporting electrolyte within the pH range 2.0–10.0 was studied using a one-compartment batch reactor employing a boron-doped diamond (BDD) as anode. Electrolyses were carried out at constant current density (1.5–4.5 mA/cm2). Complete mineralization was always achieved owing to the great concentration of hydroxyl radical (.OH) generated at the BDD surface. The e ects of pH, apparent current density and initial DMP concentration on the degradation rate of DMP, the specific charge required for its total mineralization and mineralization current e ciency were investigated systematically. The mineralization rate of DMP was found to be pH-independent and to increase with increasing applied current density. Results indicated that this electrochemical process was subjected, at least partially, to the mass transfer of organics onto the BDD surface. Kinetic analysis of the temporal change of DMP concentration during electrolysis determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) revealed that DMP decay under all tested conditions followed a pseudo first-order reaction. Aromatic intermediates and generated carboxylic acids were identified by Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and a general pathway for the electrochemical incineration of DMP on BDD was proposed.     

Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers among workers at an electronic waste dismantling region in Guangdong, China

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely used as flame retardants. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the PBDE serum levels in residents from an electronic waste dismantling region, residents living within 50 km of the dismantling region, and a referent group with no occupational PBDE exposure. Fourteen PBDE congeners including BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154, BDE-183, BDE-196, BDE-197, BDE-203, BDE-206, BDE-207, BDE-208 and BDE-209 were quantified in these three groups by gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization (NCI) mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. We found that the levels of all PBDE congeners in serum of residents from electronic waste dismantling region were significantly higher than those in the two other groups. The referents showed the lowest PBDE levels. Concentrations of congeners with a high number of bromine substituents, i.e., hepta- to decaBDEs in occupational exposure workers were 11-20 times higher than those in the referent group. BDE-209 was the dominant congener. The highest concentration of BDE-209 was observed among the electronic waste dismantling workers, and it was 3436 ng g(-1) lipid weight (ng g(-1) l.w.), which is the highest concentration of BDE-209 in humans worldwide. Some higher brominated PBDE congeners such as BDE-197, BDE-207 and BDE-208 also showed elevated concentrations in dismantling workers. This study confirms that BDE-209 is released to the environment and can bioaccumulate in the blood of electronic waste dismantling workers, and extensive occupational exposure to PBDEs leads to elevated concentrations of all PBDE congeners in serum.