Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on the water quality in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area during and after its construction

A survey concerning the concentration of the nutrients in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area was carried out. This paper presents the parameters(NO3^- -N, NO2^- -N, KjeldahI-N, non-ionic ammonia, P-PO4 and TP)determined at 16 sampling sites from 1997 to 1999. The dominant soluble nitrogen form was NO3^- -N followed by KjeldahI-N, NO2^- -N and non-ionic ammonia. Mean values of NO3^- -N, NO2^- -N, Kjeldahl-N and non-ionic ammonia ranged from 0.50 to 2.37 mg/L, 0.022 to 0.084 mg/L, 0.33 to 0.99 mg/L and 0.007 to 0.092 mg/L respectively.Mean values of P-PO4 at most sampling sites were higher than 0.1 mg/L for subject to eutrophication. The major factors influencing the concentrations of N and P might be agricultural runoff, municipal and industrial effluents. In addition, 6 kinds of soil were sampled at the area where would inundated after the dam completed. Two approaches were adopted to simulate the N and P release from the inundated soils. The results showed that the soils would release nitrogen and phosphorus to the overlying water when the soils were inundated. The characteristics of soil affected the equilibrium concentrations of N and P between the soil and the overlying water.     

Treatment of drilling fluid waste during oil and gas drilling: a review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Oil and gas exploration and development provide important energy sources for the world, and drilling fluid is an essential engineering material for...     

单环硝基芳香化合物好氧生物降解及其遗传学研究进展

硝基芳香化合物是环境中难降解的有机污染物之一 ,对环境的污染日益严重 ,利用生物技术对这类有机物进行降解是行之有效的新途径。针对几种单环硝基芳香化合物好氧降解的微生物、降解途径以及降解过程中的主要酶、降解性质粒、基因定位等分子遗传学的研究进展进行了综述     

Less attention paid to waterborne SARS-CoV-2 spreading in Beijing urban communities

• A survey on individual’s perception of SARS-CoV-2 transmission was conducted. • Waterborne transmission risks are far less perceived by individuals. • Precautions of preventing wastewater mediated transmission are implemented. • The precautions for wastewater transmission are less favored by the public. • Education level differs the most regarding to waterborne transmission perception. SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in various environmental media. Community and individual-engaged precautions are recommended to stop or slow environmentally-mediated transmission. To better understand the individual’s awareness of and precaution to environmental dissemination of SARS-CoV-2, an online survey was conducted in Beijing during March 14–25, 2020. It is found that the waterborne (especially wastewater mediated) spreading routes are far less perceived by urban communities. The precautions for wastewater transmission are less favored by the public than airborne and solid waste mediated spreading routes. Such risk communication asymmetry in waterborne transmission will be further enlarged in places with fragile water system. Furthermore, education level is the most significant attribution (Sig.<0.05) that causes the difference of awareness and precautions of the waterborne transmission among the respondents, according to the variance analysis results. Our survey results emphasize the urgent need for evidence-based, multifactorial precautions for current and future outbreaks of COVID-19.     

调理剂在鸡粪锯末堆肥中的保氮效果

在自动高温堆肥装置中,进行了4种调理剂对鸡粪锯末高温堆肥中的保氮效果实验,分析了堆肥化不同时期各处理中的堆温、pH值、水溶性氨氮、水溶性有机氮、全氮和有机碳的变化.结果表明,几种调理剂的加人对高温堆肥的堆温、pH值、水溶性氨氮、水溶性有机氮、TN和OC指标都有影响.都可降低堆肥过程氮素的损失;对OC的分解都有一定的促进作用.特别是同时添加草炭和过磷酸钙使堆肥高温期延长了5d,使堆制初期和高温期的pH值分别降低了0.89pH单位和0.44pH单位,使OC的降解率增加了60.7%,且使堆制过程中氮素的损失率下降了65.1%,有明显的保氮效果;而单加草炭或过磷酸钙效果次之;加沸石效果不明显.     

磁性吸附材料CuFe2O4吸附砷的性能

根据Cu(Ⅱ)和Fe(Ⅲ)都对砷有较强的亲和性,制备了同时含有Cu(Ⅱ)和Fe(Ⅲ)的、可用磁分离方法进行分离回收的磁性吸附材料CuFe₂O₄,并对其进行了表征及吸附砷的性能研究.结果表明,该吸附剂对砷的吸附能力与溶液pH有关,在弱酸性及中性条件下,吸附砷的能力最强,而对As(V)的吸附能力比对As(Ⅲ)更强些,在平衡浓度为10μg/L时,其吸附容量可达10mg/g左右,可以很容易地将水中浓度为1～20mg/L的As(V)降到10μg/L以下.实验考察了几种无机阴离子对吸附砷的影响,表明较高浓度(砷浓度的20倍)的硫酸盐对As(Ⅲ)和As(V)的吸附均有一定影响,盐酸盐及磷酸盐则影响不明显;负载的As(V)可较容易地用0.1mol/L NaOH洗脱下来,使吸附剂再生,而As(Ⅲ)则难以洗脱,这与2种价态砷的吸附机理不同有关.     

潖江蓄滞洪区洪灾风险分析及避难转移安置研究

以潖江蓄滞洪区洪灾避难转移安置为研究对象,利用Mike21技术,建立潖江蓄滞洪区洪水演进数值模型,模拟北江遭遇300年一遇洪水时,在潖江口泄洪,潖江蓄滞洪区内洪水演进,分析潖江蓄滞洪区洪灾风险.通过实地调查,结合历史洪水情况,利用潖江蓄滞洪区DEM数据、Google地图及最快避难转移安置时间分析法,详细设计了潖江蓄滞洪区内各行政村落遭遇洪灾时避难转移与人员安置,为潖江蓄滞洪区启用预案科学编制及防洪减灾提供科学依据.     

Systematical strategies for wastewater treatment and the generated wastes and greenhouse gases in China

China now faces double challenges of water resources shortage and severe water pollution. To resolve Chinese water pollution problems and reduce its impacts on human health, economic growth and social development, the situation of wastewater treatment was investigated. Excess sludge and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted during wastewater treatment were also surveyed. It is concluded that Chinese water pollution problems should be systematically resolved with inclusion of wastewater and the solid waste and GHGs generated during wastewater treatment. Strategies proposed for the wastewater treatment in China herein were also adequate for other countries, especially for the developing countries with similar economic conditions to China.     

江苏省工业化进程中的环境效应分析

工业化快速进程中．工业污染作为工业生产在所难免的附属产物．占全国总污染负荷的70％．对资源环境构成巨大压力。经济发达地区工业产值占据了国民经济的半壁江山．使得工业结构与布局成为影响生态环境质量的主要驱动因子。本文首先以江苏省为例．分析重污染行业结构与工业布局变动对环境效应的实际效果．得出重要结论：自1990年以来工业结构与布局调整不利于环境污染控制。从生产效应和社会效应两个方面．分析工业化进程中的环境效应影响机理．通过对江苏省的实证分析．结果证实工业结构与布局是现阶段景影响环境污染的重要变量。重污染行业结构是环境效应的主要影响因素。加快工业结构调整步伐、进一步优化工业布局．着力于从工业结构调整和工业布局变动趋势中获得改善环境质量的机遇和动力是摆脱环境与发展困境的有力手段。     

紫外辐射增强对玉米地上部分与根系生长的影响比较

在大田试验条件下,运用t检验和紫外线反应指数,分析研究了UV-B辐射增加对玉米(Zea mays L.)地上部分和地下部分生长的影响,结果表明:UV-B辐射增加对玉米成苗期的地上部分和根系都有显著的影响,其中对根系的影响程度显著大于地上部;UV-B辐射增加对玉米苗期(三叶期前)的地上部分有显著的影响,而对根系的生长影响未达到显著水平。对于更全面地了解UV-B辐射增强对农作物的影响及其机理具有一定的参考价值。