长庆油田五里湾采油污水絮凝实验研究

针对五里湾采油污水含油量、悬浮物、细菌含量高、成垢离子含量较高的特点,文章通过对pH值、除铁剂、絮凝剂、加药间隔时间进行优选,得出适宜的絮凝条件:pH值为7.5、除铁剂加量为40mg/L,无机絮凝剂加量为40mg/L、有机絮凝剂加量为1.0mg/L、加药间隔时间为30s。分析了处理前后的水质,并进行了与地层水的配伍性实验。结果表明:处理后水质达到《碎屑岩油藏注水水质推荐指标及分析方法》SY/T5329—94中回注水水质标准,并且水质稳定,与地层水配伍性良好。     

4-Alkylphenols and related chemicals show similar effect on the function of human and rat estrogen receptor alpha in reporter gene assay

Alkylphenols (APs) are widely used as important industrial materials and have attracted lots of attention because of their potential estrogenic activities. In this study, we developed human estrogen receptor alpha (hERalpha) and rat estrogen receptor alpha (rERalpha) mediated reporter gene assays and compared the estrogenic activity of APs and related chemicals based on the two ERalpha. Human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was co-transfected with Gal4-fused hERalpha and corresponding reporter plasmid; African green monkey kidney cell line CV-1 was co-transfected with rERalpha and reporter gene. Both assays showed acceptable response to natural estrogen 17beta-estradiol (E2) with EC50 of 0.16 nM and 4.7 nM. Then the estrogenic activity of 4-APs, 4-phenylphenol and bisphenol-A were evaluated and compared with the effects of E2. The data suggested that test APs and related chemicals possessed weakly estrogenic activity and the activity of test APs increased with the increase of substituent size. This structure-activity relationship helped to infer the activity of chemicals with similar feature. Furthermore, test APs showed similar effect on the function of hERalpha and rERalpha. This consistency helped to extrapolate in vivo rodent data to human being when performing risk assessment of endocrine disruptors.     

陕西市县农业气象灾害监测预警业务系统研究

分析修正了陕西主要农业气象灾害指标和农作物气候适应性域;利用Delphi、VC 、VB与SQL Server等开发工具,开发了一套基于Client/Server结构的市县农业气象灾害监测预警系统.该系统主要由农业气象灾害数据管理、农业气象成灾条件分析、农作物全程气象适应性监测、农业气象灾害监测、农业气象灾害预警组成.     

基于二维Gumbel分布的长距离输水系统水文风险评估

在现行的水文风险组合计算中,往往需要对非正态分布的水文变量进行正态化处理,这必然引起畸变,从而影响分析计算结果的准确性。针对这一问题,在以往的研究基础上,根据Ditlevsen界限,进一步建立了基于二维Gumbel分布的长距离输水系统的综合水文风险评估模型,从而巧妙地解决了串联系统风险计算中如何建立n维联合概率分布函数的难题。并以南水北调中线工程河北省段的21条主要河流为例,分析了采用Gumbel联合分布来研究降雨量或洪水的联合分布特征的可行性,进行了实际水文概率的组合计算,结果表明南水北调中线工程河北省北段的综合防洪风险是3．1％,其防洪安全是有保证的。     

高陡岩质边坡抗震稳定性的三维有限元分析

岩质边坡在地震作用下稳定性的计算一般采用拟静力法和有限单元法,拟静力法因应用简便而得到大量应用,至今广泛应用于边坡的抗震计算。建立了某溢洪道引渠左侧整体边坡三维有限元模型,选用ADINA软件并采用拟静力法对三维模型进行了抗震稳定性计算和分析,结合有限元分析的结果,提出溢洪道引渠左侧整体边坡抗震措施和建议。     

凤眼莲在城市重污染河道修复中的应用

外港河是秦淮河重要支流,长期以来遭受严重污染。2006年4月份起对外港河进行了综合生态治理。在前期清淤和截污的基础上,7月份开始引种凤眼莲。在上游排污口附近和外港河河口段分别设置的4个生态区以及河面上布设的水面载体内全面放养以凤眼莲为主的浮水植物。经过5个多月的初步治理,外港河水体透明度从40 cm以下提高到120 cm左右,COD下降了70.4％,TSS、TN和NH₃-N分别下降了39.6％、49.7％和21.8％。结果证明,凤眼莲在净化严重污染的河道方面起到了良好的效果,引种凤眼莲治理城市重污染河道是切实可行的;此外,用PVC管设计制作的水面载体来放养浮水植物可以点缀水面环境,美化城市河道景观。     

积极控制环境污染的发展

在“六五”期间,我国的环境保护事业取得了很大成绩。但是,我们面临的环境问题很多,特别是环境污染还很严重。我们必须认真总结经验,找出符合我国国情的对策,在“七五”期间使我国的环境保护工作能有一个大的进展。 做好我国的环境保护工作,特别是使环境污染得到有效的控制,首先是要有适当的     

Synergistic effects in Mn-Co mixed oxide supported on cordierite honeycomb for catalytic deep oxidation of VOCs

A series of Co-Mn mixed oxide catalyst supported on a cordierite monolith was facilely synthesized by ultrasonic impregnation. Its catalytic performance was evaluated in the combustion of toluene, ethyl acetate and its mixture. It was observed that with incorporating Mn into Co₃O₄, the formation of solid solution with spinel structure could significantly improve the catalytic activity of pure phase Co₃O₄. And the monolithic Co_0.67Mn_0.33...     

Comparison of EC and BC and evaluation of dust aerosol contribution to light absorption in Xi'an, China

The concentrations of EC, BC and dust aerosols were determined for atmospheric samples collected from an observation station in Xi'an, China. The results show that the averaged correlation coefficient between EC and BC was founded to be 0.72 with 0.81 (n = 49) in autumn, 0.70 (n = 112) in winter and 0.69 (n = 57) in spring, respectively. Absorption coefficients of dust aerosol were estimated to be 2.7 m² g⁻¹ in autumn and 4.4 m² g⁻¹ in winter. The comparison of absorption coefficients of dust aerosol with those of BC implies that BC is the principal light-absorbing aerosol over Xi'an atmosphere. By combining thermal analysis of elemental carbon and dust contents in the aerosol samples, however, the fraction of dust absorption to total light absorption is estimated to be 19% in autumn and 31% in winter, respectively.     

静电旋风除尘技术的现场试验

对静电旋风除尘技术的机理进行了探讨,现场试验表明,此技术用于电厂旋风水膜除尘器的改造,可将平均除尘效率由９２．５５％到９８．４％,且对不同浓度的烟尘除尘效率比较稳定,在处理烟气量为１０６００Ｎｍ＾３／ｈ时,阻力为８００－９２０Ｐａ,高压电源的单位能耗为０．２Ｗ·ｈ／（ｍ＾３·ｈ）。