Changes in phototactic behavior of Daphnia magna clone C1 242 in response to copper, cadmium and pentachlorophenol

In order to develop a sound biotechnique for monitoring water quality that builds on the previous experiments carried out in our laboratory, a specific D. magna clone C1242 was used to study the effects of pollutants on phototactic behavior, in all experiments, the animals showed a stable and repeatable phototactic index approximated 0.2 in the presence and 0.4 in the absence of fish kairomenes, which decreased significantly in response to pollutants. There existed no pollutant x fish kairomone interaction, indicating the changes in phototactic behavior of animals imposed by pollutants were independent of the presence of fish kairomones. The detection limits for changes in phototactic behavior of D. magna clone C1 242 are 0.04 mg/L for copper, 0.02 mg/L for cadmium, and 0.80 mg/L for PCP, respectively, quite lowerthan LC50(48 h). The changes in phototactic behavior in presence to pollutants occurred quickly(3 h) compared to the period over whole acute toxicity tests. Therefore, D. magna clone C1 242 could be potentially used to monitor water quality. Moreover, the phototactic behavior did not decrease further in the pollutant mixtures employed in our experiments compared to individual pollutants, except in the Cd-PCP Lre.atme~t.This fact suggests that the formation of water quality criteria must be based upon pollutant mixture tests.Keywords: Daphnia; phototactic behavior; copper; cadmium; pentachlorophenol; fish kairomenes     

活性炭脱硫研究 (Ⅰ)SO2-N2-O2体系中SO2的氧化反应动力学

通过测定不同时间活性炭上的ＳＯ３蓄积量，以Ｌｎｇｍｕｉｒ－Ｈｉｎｓｈｅｌｗｏｏｄ方法进行了动力学方程的推导，发现整个过程可分为具有不同反应机理的两个阶段，在ＳＯ３蓄积量小的情况下，ＳＯ３对ＳＯ２和氧的吸附不产生影响；在ＳＯ３蓄积量达到一定限度后，同晟为一种阻抑物质，同时还获得了吸附平衡常数和反应速率常数。     

Simultaneous denitrifying phosphorus accumulation in a sequencing batch reactor

In order to achieve simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the biological treatment process, denitrifying phosphorus accumulation (DNPA) and its affecting factors were studied in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with synthetic wastewater. The results showed that when acetate was used as the sole carbon resource in the influent, the sludge acclimatized under anaerobic/aerobic operation had good phosphorus removal ability. Denitrifying phosphorus accumulation was observed soon when fed with nitrate instead of aeration following the anaerobic stage, which is a vital premise to DNPA. If DNPA sludge is fed with nitrate prior to the anaerobic stage, the DNPA would weaken or even disappear. At the high concentration of nitrate fed in the anoxic stage, the longer anoxic time needed, the better the DNPA was. Induced DNPA did not disappear even though an aerobic stage followed the anoxic stage, but the shorter the aerobic stage lasted, the higher the proportions of phosphorus removal via DNPA to total removal. Translated from Environmental Science, 2004, 25(6): 92–96 [译自: 环境科学]     

水源中央空调系统生命周期分析模型

以水源中央空调GHP1000为研究对象，通过确定功能单元、清单分析，提出了生命周期分析方法学模型，并对实际工作中发现的若干问题进行了讨论。     

产品生命周期环境负荷的研究

产品在原材料的获取．产品的生产．使用和废弃过程中都会对大气．水等造成污染。以产品为对象．利用现有的能源数据库对产品生命周期各环节的环境负荷分布进行研究。研究结果通过中型钢厂的实例可较为方便地计算产品生命周期中因使用燃料而造成的大气污染．为进行产品生态设计，清洁生产提供基础。     

基于污染物回收与资源化的新型城市污水生物净化工艺

现行城市污水生物处理系统能耗高、工艺复杂,而且污水中蕴含着能量的有机物、可作为肥料的氮和磷在处理过程中被转化、分解或以固废被处置,从而导致资源浪费.探讨了先通过生物吸附/吸收作用将污水有机物、氮、磷从水中转移到污泥中,达到污水净化的目的;再使污泥将污染物释放出来.把有机物转化为甲烷、氮、磷沉淀后回收,污泥经活化后再次用于吸附的城市污水资源化生物净化新工艺.该工艺可以最大限度地避免污染物的氧化,将极大降低能耗,同时实现资源的回收.在此论述了实现该途径的可能性与存在的问题.     

钢窗手柄冷楔横轧工艺

分析了楔横轧成形条件,以冷楔横轧钢窗手柄为例探讨了工艺方案选择和工艺参数确定.试轧获得基本成功.如用于实际生产尚须进一步提高加工精度.     

氟苯酚好氧生物降解邻位羟基化研究

利用气相色谱-质谱联机、高效液相色谱等分析方法,探讨了氟苯酚好氧生物降解历程;研究了不同pH值对间氟苯酚羟基化产物的影响.结果表明,氟苯酚好氧生物降解主要产生邻位羟基化中间产物.随着pH值升高,C2邻位羟基化产物(3-氟-1,2-邻苯二酚)与C6邻位羟基化产物(3-氟-1,6-邻苯二酚)的比值逐渐增加,pH 7.5时检测不到C6邻位羟基化产物(3-氟-1,6-邻苯二酚).     

粉煤灰资源化特性及路面工程应用技术研究

在实验室对粉煤灰的各项技术参数进行了试验研究 ,揭示出粉煤灰的不同成分和形貌对其资源化特性的影响规律 ;初步完成了消除不利于粉煤灰资源化的有害成分---碳的优化实验工作 ;进行了脱炭粉煤灰混凝土配合比等方面的试验研究 ,并在路面修复工程中应用脱炭粉煤灰完成了试验路修筑工作。结果表明 ,将粉煤灰进行脱炭处理 ,应用于混凝土工程可以明显改善混凝土的工作性能 ,实际道路运营和技术性能符合路面工程的要求 ,具有重大的经济效益和环境效益     

基于信息过程的绿色技术创新模式研究

从创新信息过程的角度对我国绿色技术创新模式进行实证案例研究，分析政府部门，科研院所以及相关企业在创新信息过程与网络中的作用，同时探讨企业内各部门在创新信息获取接受与加工学习中的特征，指出建立创新信息网络与有效进行创新信息过程管理是促进我国绿色技术创新的一个重要途径。