浅谈中国城市污泥的处置

城市污水污泥的处置已成为目前环境科学研究领域中的重要问题。中国是一个经济基础较为薄弱、可耕地有限的农业大国,而污泥中富含植物生长必须的有机质、腐殖质和矿质元素,其土地利用能改善土壤的理化性质,提高农作物产量,减少污泥对环境的二次污染,从而实现污泥的资源化、无害化、稳定化和减量化处置目标。概述了当前城市污泥处置的几种方法及研究进展,并就中国污泥处理处置和综合利用提出了相关建议。     

灰色理论在预测鱼田堡煤矿矿井涌水量中的应用

煤矿地下水动态的预测预报始终存在着计算过程复杂、计算量大、且难以兼顾影响矿井充水的各种因素、精度较低的特点;灰色系统理论则具有高度的概括性、简单的计算过程和极佳的预测精度,因此在工程界得到了广泛的应用。本文采用灰色系统理论,以灰色理论GM（1,1）模型为基础对重庆鱼田堡煤矿矿井涌水量进行预测。结果表明,该方法在预测矿井涌水量中是一种简便而有效的好方法。根据涌水量预测结果,为矿井设计排水方案的最优化选择提供科学依据。     

温岭市制鞋业污染现状及环境整治对策

温岭市制鞋业由于数量众多,分布密集,生产总量较大,污染防治设施滞后,而被列入台州市8．11环境保护新三年行动计划重点整治行业,但在实施过程中,进度缓慢,步履艰难。为此笔者全面调查了温岭制鞋业空间分布特征、发展趋势、产品结构以及产排污状况,系统地分析了该行业的污染现状,进而剖析成因,提出了切实可行的行业污染环境整治对策。     

实施HAZOP分析控制重大工艺安全事故(Ⅰ)

介绍了危险与可操作性分析（Hazard and Operability,HAZOP）技术的国内外应用现状。结合我国重大工艺安全事故案例,阐述了在我国实施HAZOP的必要性。     

Pb（II） biosorption using chitosan and chitosan derivatives beads： Equilibrium, ion exchange and mechanism studies

The study examined the adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution onto chitosan, chitosan-GLA and chitosan-alginate beads. Several important parameters influencing the adsorption of Pb(II) ions such as initial pH, adsorbent dosage and di erent initial concentration of Pb(II) ions were evaluated. The mechanism involved during the adsorption process was explored based on ion exchange study and using spectroscopic techniques. The adsorption capacities obtained based on non–linear Langmuir isotherm for chitosan, chitosan-GLA and chitosan-alginate beads in single metal system were 34.98, 14.24 and 60.27 mg/g, respectively. However, the adsorption capacity of Pb(II) ions were reduced in the binary metal system due to the competitive adsorption between Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions. Based on the ion exchange study, the release of Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+ ions played an important role in the adsorption of Pb(II) ions by all three adsorbents but only at lower concentrations of Pb(II) ions. Infrared spectra showed that the binding between Pb(II) ions and the adsorbents involved mostly the nitrogen and oxygen atoms. All three adsorbents showed satisfactory adsorption capacities and can be considered as an e cient adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions.     

Chitosan and chemically modified chitosan beads for acid dyes sorption

The capabilities of chitosan and chitosan-EGDE (ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether) beads for removing Acid Red 37 (AR 37) and Acid Blue 25 (AB 25) from aqueous solution were examined. Chitosan beads were cross-linked with EGDE to enhance its chemical resistance and mechanical strength. Experiments were performed as a function of pH, agitation period and concentration of AR 37 and AB 25. It was shown that the adsorption capacities of chitosan were comparatively higher than chitosan-EGDE for both acid dyes. This is mainly because cross-linking using EGDE reduces the major adsorption sites -NH3+ on chitosan. Langmuir isotherm model showed best conformity compared to Freundlich and BET. The kinetic experimental data agreed very well to the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The desorption study revealed that after three cycles of adsorption and desorption by NaOH and HCl, both adsorbents retained their promising adsorption abilities. FT-IR analysis proved that the adsorption of acid dyes onto chitosan-based adsorbents was a physical adsorption. Results also showed that chitosan and chitosan-EGDE beads were favourable adsorbers and could be employed as low-cost alternatives for the removal of acid dyes in wastewater treatment.     

2010年2月27日智利地震地球球型自由振荡研究

利用中国数字地震台网（CDSN）5个台站的波形资料,采用功率谱密度估计方法,提取了智利地震激发的地球球型自由振荡,并与地球初步参考模型（PREM）的理论自由振荡周期进行对比,发现球型振荡振型周期与地球初步参考模型预测的球型自由振荡周期基本吻合。所得结果可以进一步用来研究地震震源机制和地球内部结构,并对大地震的震源破裂分布给出一定的约束。     

环保专项资金项目绩效评价个性指标设计研究——以江苏省省级节能减排(重点污染排放治理)专项引导资金为例

为适应江苏省财政资金绩效评价工作需要,定量、科学地评价环保专项资金项目实施成效,本文以江苏省省级节能减排(重点污染排放治理)专项引导资金项目为例,探讨了项目绩效评价个性指标设计方法。基于SMART原则设计并形成一套个性指标体系,包括资金效益、项目产出和环境效益三方面内容,共13项评价指标。该指标体系按不同类别分别对减排资金项目的绩效进行客观评价,既反映了项目实施成效,也满足了宏观管理需求,可为今后相关工作的开展提供依据。     

我国地方层面生态补偿实践经验与借鉴

生态补偿机制的构建,不仅有利于缩小区际间的差距,还原生态以价值,而且还是环境降压的出口,促进环境建设,走可持续发展的道路。文章以生态补偿实践应用的角度为切入点,从流域、省域和地市3个层面系统分析了地方生态补偿的实践经验,在此基础上提出了现有的实践经验对我国地方层面生态补偿所带来的借鉴与启示。     

城市生态保护红线划定方法与实践

基于近10年来我国城市(群)地区生态保护红线划分的实践经验,结合环境总体规划的探索,提出了一套城市生态保护红线体系与划分方法。首先,按照"识-评-落-合"的技术流程,划定城市生态功能红线。其次,通过识别大气环境和水环境的重要性,敏感性和脆弱性,划定环境质量红线。第三,基于合理的模型方法计算大气环境、水环境和自然资源承载力,分析测算环境资源开发上限。最后,借助GIS软件实现这三条红线的空间叠加,综合划分出生态保护红线。上述生态保护红线体系,与现有的各部门空间和资源管理制度能进行充分有序的衔接,可以作为促进新型城镇化健康发展的资源环境管理基础平台。