我国农耕土壤Cd污染与植物修复现状

中国人均耕地面积不足,农耕土壤的Cd污染问题对土壤资源的可持续利用和农作物的安全构成了巨大的潜在威胁。通过简述中国农耕土壤Cd污染现状和造成农耕土壤Cd污染的原因,并结合中原地区农耕土壤Cd污染调查情况,概述了中国近5年农耕土壤和农作物受到Cd污染的程度。总结近年来国家在济源开展植物修复土壤Cd污染试点工程及湖南启动长株潭耕地重金属污染修复以及农作物种植结构调整试点工程的修复效果,并简述了目前中国土壤的治理措施。最后,通过试点工程期间遇到的问题探究中国农耕土壤Cd污染的修复之路,展望未来Cd污染土壤修复工作的重点和预防措施。     

灌河口附近海域水质状况调查研究

近海水域的水环境对沿海城市的可持续发展具有重要意义.根据2006年4、5月灌河口附近海域水质监测资料,对海域的水质状况进行了分析和评价研究.结果表明:pH符合《海水水质标准》(GB3097-1997)Ⅰ类水质标准,DO、COD符合Ⅰ、Ⅱ类水质标准;油类含量的平均值在0.031～0.062mg/L间变化,水质符合Ⅰ、Ⅱ类水质标准;油类含量符合Ⅰ、Ⅱ类水质标准;无机氮和活性磷酸盐含量已经超过Ⅲ、Ⅳ类水质标准;灌河口附近特殊的潮流场及苏北沿岸流对污染物质的空间分布格局的影响较大,建议对该海域进行大规模的水文监测分析,加强对海域环境的科学管理,以便及时采取对策.     

典型石化企业排放有毒有害大气污染物人体健康风险评估

石化行业生产过程中会产生有毒有害大气污染物,并可能对人体健康产生危害。为贯彻落实《大气污染防治法》第七十八条中对有毒有害大气污染物(hazardous air pollutants,HAPs)实行风险管理,评估环境风险的要求,有必要开展石化企业排放HAPs的人体健康风险评估。本研究采用美国环境保护局(US EPA)发布的人体健康风险评估手册F部分吸入风险评估指南中的方法,推算出HAPs物质对人体健康的致癌风险值和非致癌风险值;通过CALPUFF模型模拟预测出典型石化企业HAPs物质扩散范围及空气中的浓度,并将模拟预测得到的污染物浓度与推算得到的风险值进行比较,进而表征园区内该企业排放HAPs对人体健康的风险。结果表明,基于最坏情况分析,该石化企业排放的HAPs致癌风险值为0.421μg·m-3,非致癌风险值为2.212μg·m-3,CALPUFF模拟预测空气中污染物浓度最大为0.62μg·m-3,且模型预测的月均浓度均未超过致癌和非致癌风险值,风险表征结果表明,该石化企业排放的HAPs物质对人体健康不存在致癌和非致癌风险。但本研究仅针对某石化企业开展人体健康风险评估,并不能代表石化行业排放有毒有害大气污染物对人体健康风险的整体水平。     

城市生活垃圾压缩站环境污染研究

通过对垃圾压缩站内生活垃圾进行采样分析、压实试验和环境污染检测，得出了城市生活垃圾压实密度和施加压力的关系曲线，确定了对垃圾压实的合适压力范围为0．1～0．2MPa；垃圾压缩站环境污染严重，垃圾压缩污水量为10-50kg／t，其中BOD5和COD平均分别超标111倍和486倍；环境噪音只有50m以外才能达到居民区环境质量二级标准（60dB（A））的噪音要求；产生的臭气在较低风速下一般扩散25m时污染达到最大，NH3、H2S分别可以达到0．011、0．0046mg／m^3，这个值占容许浓度的55％和46％。     

The levels and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in sediments from the Haihe River, China

The levels and distribution patterns of the selected organochlorine pesticides (OCPs=p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-HCH) in surficial sediments from the Haihe River and Dagu Drainage River of Tianjin were investigated by means of gas chromatography coupled with micro-electronic capture detector (GC-microECD). Concentrations of OCPs in the sediments from the Haihe River ranged from 1.88 to 18.76ng g(-1) (mean 7.33ng g(-1)) for sum HCH, 0.32-80.18ng g(-1) (mean 15.94ng g(-1)) for sum DDT. Compared with the Haihe River, the Dagu Drainage River was much more contaminated by HCHs and DDTs, wherein sum HCH ranged from 33.24 to 141.03ng g(-1) (mean 87.74ng g(-1)) and sum DDT ranged from 3.60 to 83.49ng g(-1) with a mean value of 35.52ng g(-1). The concentration distribution of sum DDT and sum HCH was different indicated their different contamination sources. Composition analyses indicated that a recent usage or discharge of HCH and DDT into the Dagu Drainage River.     

Recent advances on porous organic frameworks for the adsorptive removal of hazardous materials

Environmental pollution is one of the most serious problems facing mankind today,and has attracted widespread attention worldwide. The burgeoning class of crystalline porous organic framework materials, metal–organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks present promising application potential in areas related to pollution control due to their interesting surface properties. In this review, the literature of the past five years on the adsorptive removal of various hazardous materials, mainly including heavy metal ions, harmful gases, organic dyes, pharmaceutical and personal care products, and radionuclides from the environment by using COFs and MOFs, is summarized. The adsorption mechanisms are also discussed to help understand their adsorption performance and selectivity. Additionally, some insightful suggestions are given to enhance the performance of MOFs and COFs in the adsorptive removal of various hazardous materials.     

生物毒性在线监测方法在苏州水源地预警监测中的应用研究

使用明亮发光杆菌作为发光体,在苏州市饮用水源地建立了生物毒性在线监测方法.详细介绍了方法原理及检测过程,通过在线集成实现了连续自动监测,在性能测试、方法比对、毒物测试、相关性分析等方面进行了研究,分析三年连续运行数据确定了本地水样的静态及动态报警限.结果表明,采用生物毒性在线监测方法对传统预警技术进行补充,可以有效弥补水质综合性评估的不足,满足饮用水源地水质在线监测需求.     

T3WS便携式水质快速检测仪在环境监测中的应用研究

便携式水质快速检测仪具有测量速度快、体积小、重量轻、便于携带等特点,特别适用于水质现场快速测定.在T3WS快速检测仪30余个项目中选择六价铬、甲醛、砷、氨氮、硫化物等五项常用指标,进行试管一致性、校准曲线斜率、截距、相关系数、检出限、测定范围、精密度、准确度以及与实验室分析方法比对等试验.结果表明,T3WS快速检测仪测试标准样品测试结果均在允许误差范围内,标准样品及地袁水、废水样品测试结果的相对偏差均小于10％,与实验室分析结果之间最大相对误差分别为-6.1％、15.9％、15％、-7.2％、-21.0％,T3WS便携式水质快速检测仪用于水质现场快速测定结果的精密度与准确度是可以接受的.     

海峡西岸沿海地区经济发展与环境保护协调性研究

随着国家"一带一路"战略的深入,海峡西岸沿海地区进入新一轮快速发展阶段."工业补课"为主要模式的工业发展带动下,海西地区二产长期占主导地位,且呈现出明显的工业重型化特征.石化、火电等产业为主的沿海产业带初具规模,资源推动型、投资拉动型经济发展特征明显,导致生态用地占用、资源环境超载等环境问题凸显.建议海西地区快速发展中,首先确定、维护好区域及城市的生态环境功能定位,以此作为促进经济社会与环境保护协调发展的基础.     

Characterization of the e ective cellulose degrading strain CTL-6

An e cient cellulose degrading bacteria exists in the thermophilic wheat straw-degrading community, WDC2. However, this strain cannot be isolated and cultured using conventional separation techniques under strict anaerobic conditions. We successfully isolated a strain of e ective cellulose degrading bacteria CTL-6 using a wash, heat shock, and solid-liquid alternating process. Analysis of its properties revealed that, although the community containing the strain CTL-6 grew under aerobic conditions, the purified strain CTL-6 only grew under anaerobic culture conditions. The strain CTL-6 had a striking capability of degrading cellulose (80.9% weight loss after 9 days of culture). The highest e ciency value of the endocellulase (CMCase activity) was 0.404 mol/(min mL), cellulose degradation e ciency by CTL-6 was remarkably high at 50–65°C with the highest degradation e ciency observed at 60°C. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the closest relative to strain CTL-6 belonged to the genus Clostridium thermocellum. Strain CTL-6 was capable of utilizing cellulose, cellobiose, and glucose. Strain CTL-6 also grew with Sorbitol as the sole carbon source, whereas C. thermocellum is unable to do so.