以关键酶为基础共代谢模型的建立——以甲烷细菌共代谢三氯乙烯为例

根据共代谢过程扣特点，详细推导建立了一个以关键酶为中心的综合性数学模型，模型不仅包括传统的基质降解迷率和微生物生长，而且包括关键产诱导，毒性抑制和自我恢复，以及能量的调节等重要因素，模型能够在理解释文献报道的各种实验现象。     

利用水浮莲净化麻黄素厂污水的中试研究

将麻黄素厂污水稀释5倍在100m2池面的水浮莲净化塘内进行了净化处理.在滞留处理时间为9d的条件下,SS、BOD₅、COD_Cr、NH₄^-N与色度的去除率分别保持在80.94%,89.43％,76.28％,88.51％,84.64%以上,净化水的理化指标达到了二级排放标准.细菌总数与大肠杆菌群数的剩余率也仅为净化前的0.238％和0.129％.蚕豆根尖微核检测结果表明致突变污染指数PI由净化处理前的6.02(6.44降到2.95以下.     

西北内陆城市河段水体CDOM三维荧光指纹特征研究

文章采用三维荧光光谱技术(3DEEM),研究西北内陆某城市河段南北侧断面水体有色溶解性有机质(CDOM)三维荧光指纹特征。结果表明:河段南北侧断面CDOM均存在3类明显荧光峰:峰A(λ_(Ex)/λ_(Em)=239/430)为紫外光区类腐殖质荧光峰,峰B(λ_(Ex)/λ_(Em)=284/340)为类蛋白荧光峰,峰C(λ_(Ex)/λ_(Em)=296/340)为类色氨酸荧光峰。北侧断面荧光强度高于南侧,变化起伏较大,吸收系数a355可表征河段CDOM浓度,综合认为北侧断面CDOM浓度更高。南北侧荧光指数(FI)、腐殖化指数(HIX)和生物源指数(BIX)的对比结果表明,北侧断面2、断面6、断面8和南侧断面7、断面8荧光指纹变化主要受外源或陆源输入影响,其他断面荧光指纹特征受内源影响较大。总体上,外源(陆源)输入是研究河段水体溶解性有机质主要来源,是该河段水污染防治的关键。     

天山天池景区道路灰尘磁学特性及其环境意义

为验证环境磁学方法监测和预测旅游景区道路灰尘环境的可行性,以新疆天山天池5A级旅游景区内道路灰尘为研究对象,共采集道路灰尘样品40个、道路旁表土样品35个,并对其进行环境磁学分析。结果表明,天山天池道路灰尘磁性主要由亚铁磁性的磁铁矿主导,含有少量不完全反铁磁性矿物,主要以多畴(MD)粗颗粒和稳定单畴(SSD)为主,伴有极少量的超顺磁性颗粒颗粒(SP);景区道路灰尘样品磁性增强与人为交通活动产生的磁性颗粒外源输入密切相关;从道路样品磁性参数的空间分布看,χLF、χARM、SIRM、SOFT的空间变化趋势类似,高值区位于民族文化村和纪念品商店,中值区出现在天山奇石馆,低值区分布在定海神针和秀水山庄。景区不同道路旅游交通的流量和强度是形成磁性特征空间分布格局的主因。研究发现,环境磁学方法基本具有大范围监测景区道路环境质量、圈定潜在污染范围和判别污染物来源的潜力,并能为景区道路交通污染防治提供了参考依据。     

循环水排污水反渗透系统中溶解性有机物特征及其影响研究

循环水排污水回用是降低火电厂单位发电水耗与促进电厂水系统近零排放的关键.本研究以我国北方某电厂循环水排污水深度处理与回用系统为对象,针对夏季严重污堵的问题,分析了春、夏两季系统运行效能与溶解性有机物（DOM）变化特征及其对系统的影响.研究发现,系统预处理段运行效果较差,脱盐与COD的去除集中在反渗透（RO）段,导致RO系统污堵严重且夏季尤为明显,有机物是导致春、夏季水质差异的重要因素.进一步分析发现,排污水处理系统中DOM主要组分为蛋白质类、腐殖质类和可溶性微生物代谢产物类有机物;夏季RO过程的DOM腐殖化程度（HIX夏-RO1=0.620>HIX春-RO1=0.538）、组分复杂度、有机物聚合度均高于春季,从而造成系统夏季更为严重的污堵.夏季循环冷却系统及循环水排污水处理系统中的微生物和藻类的生长是有机物特性变化与夏季膜污堵的关键原因.因此,提升预处理段的运行效能、优化药剂投加策略、加强对DOM和微生物的控制是解决夏季系统污堵及稳定系统效能的关键.     

加拿大的“科学法庭”模式

有关环境规章决策的科学依据方面的争讨,如要作彻底解决,通常是一件一件地进行处理。近来加拿大“科学法庭”的经验为较好地解决某些争端提供了一种模式。加拿大农业部在接受了健康福利部提出的关于抑草生能引起不可接受的癌变危险这一建议之后,下令禁止使用抑草生,抑草生是由Monsanto公司生产的系列除草剂。Monsanto公司行使在加拿大合法的法律手续,要求建立一个科学委员会来评论这一禁令,并向部长提出劝告。“抑草生评论委员会(ARB)”于1985年11月成立,1987年11月发表了评论报告。ARB是加拿大组成的     

The evolutionary origin of auditory receptors in Tettigonioidea: the complex tibial organ of Schizodactylidae

Audition in insects is of polyphyletic origin. Tympanal ears derived from proprioceptive or vibratory receptor organs, but many questions of the evolution of insect auditory systems are still open. Despite the rather typical bauplan of the insect body, e.g., with a fixed number of segments, tympanal ears evolved at very different places, but only ensiferans have ears at the foreleg tibia, located in the tibial organ. The homology and monophyly of ensiferan ears is controversial, and no precursor organ was unambiguously identified for auditory receptors. The latter can only be identified by comparative study of recent atympanate taxa. These atympanate taxa are poorly investigated. In this paper, we report the neuroanatomy of the tibial organ of Comicus calcaris (Irish 1986), an atympanate Schizodactylid (splay-footed cricket). This representative of a Gondwana relict group has a tripartite sensory organ, homologous to tettigoniid ears. A comparison with morphology-based cladistic phylogeny indicates that the tripartite neuronal organization present in the majority of Tettigonioidea presumably preceded evolution of a hearing sense in the Tettigonioidea. Furthermore, the absence of a tripartite organ in Grylloidea argues against a monophyletic origin and homology of the cricket and katydid ears. The tracheal attachment of sensory neurons typical for ears of Tettigonioidea is present in C. calcaris and may have facilitated cooption for auditory function. The functional auditory organ was presumably formed in evolution by successive non-neural modifications of trachea and tympana. This first investigation of the neuroanatomy of Schizodactylidae suggests a non-auditory chordotonal organ as the precursor for auditory receptors of related tympanate taxa and adds evidence for the phylogenetic position of the group.     

Gas chromatographic separation and determination of chloroanthracene isomers on fly ash

An efficient, reproducible and rapid fused silica capillary column gas chromatographic method, in splitless mode, for analysing of the three chloroanthracene isomers is described. The method affords efficient separation and good linearity for each isomer in the range of 0.2 -200 μg/ml. The method can also be used in separation and determination of another thirty three aromatic and their halosubstituted compounds. This paper also presents the applications of the method in analysing of complex products mixture from reaction of the selected aromatic compounds with hydrogen chloride on fly ash surface from municipal incinerator.     

波罗的海地区的区域农业合作历程和未来的潜力——西岸的观点

早在１９９１年，瑞典的有关研究机构和组织了制订了波罗的海地区的农业研究和发展计划。具体行动主要是由瑞典农业科学大学（ＳＬＵ）、瑞典农民联盟（ＬＲＦ）、瑞典农业工程研究所（ＪＴＩ）Ｔ 瑞典农业协会实施的。主要的资助者是ＢＩＴＳＡ、Ｓｉｄａ和瑞典研究所。在研究合作方面，ＮＯＶＡＢＡ扮演了重要的角色。ＮＯＶＡＢＡ是北欧和波罗的波地区的农业大学为在上述领域进行合作而建立的组织。经验表明，所有的计划都应当具     

Predator odour and its impact on male fertility and reproduction in Phodopus campbelli hamsters

 This study investigated the influence of cat urine odour in suppressing development and fertility in Campbell's hamster males. Exposure to this odour from postnatal day 11 until day 45 (sexual maturation) resulted in reduced sex organ weights, reduced testosterone levels and in an increase in abnormalities of the synaptonemal complex in both sex chromosomes and autosomes. Subsequent breeding experiments revealed a significant decrease in litter size. All these data indicate a severe effect of predator odour on the breeding success of potential prey species. It is assumed that these effects are caused by the sulphurous compounds in the urine; however, the underlying mechanisms are not yet known. Received: 31 January 2000 / Accepted in revised form: 6 June 2000