硫酸盐生物还原的限制性生态因子的影响研究

利用厌氧颗粒污泥对烟气中SO2吸收生成的硫酸盐或亚硫酸盐废水进行处理,考察起始SO4^2-质量浓度、初始COD／SO4^2-、初始pH、接种污泥质量、亚铁离子等限制性生态因子对硫酸盐还原的影响。结果表明：在起始SO4^2-质量浓度800mg／L,初始COD／SO4^2-为3．0,pH值为7．0,接种污泥质量为31．10gVSS／L,添加亚铁离子的条件下,进行半连续试验,硫酸根去除率可迭70％。表明在COD／SO4^2-较低的条件下,各生态因子综合作用下,硫酸盐还原可得较好效果。     

土地市场景气指标体系及评价模型的建立

以徐州市为例建立了土地市场景气指标体系及评价模型。首先在建立指标体系时运用定性的方法对大量指标进行了初选,然后用主成分分析法确定土地市场景气指标体系,并运用层次分析法确定各指标的权重。在建立景气评价模型时,分析了传统扩散指数模型的缺陷,提出了合理的改进模型。同时,针对扩散指数与合成指数反映的土地市场运行状况之间的差异,引入了精度比较概念,在此基础上选择精度较高的指数进行土地市场景气状况评价。最后运用建立的评价模型对徐州市2001-2006年土地市场景气状况进行了评价,并对2007年徐州市土地市场运行状况进行了预测。分析表明,建立的景气指标体系及其评价模型能够较准确地评价和预测土地市场景气状况．     

Multistep, microvolume resin fractionation combined with 3D fluorescence spectroscopy for improved DOM characterization and water quality monitoring

Conventionally, resin fractionation (RF) method has been widely used to characterize dissolved organic matter (DOM) found in different source waters based on general and broad DOM fractions grouping. In this study, a new refined method using multistep, microvolume resin fractionation combined with excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (MSM-RF-EEMS) was developed for further isolation and characterization of subfractions within the primary DOM fractions separated from using the conventional RF method. Subsequently, its feasibility in indicating the occurrence of urban pollution in source waters was also assessed. Results from using the new MSM-RF-EEMS method strongly illustrated that several organic subfractions still exist within the regarded primary pure hydrophobic acid (HoA) fraction including the humic- and fulvic-like organic matters, tryptophan- and tyrosine-like proteins. It was found that by using the MSM-RF-EEMS method, the organic subfractions present within the primary DOM fraction could be easily identified and characterized. Further validation on the HoA fraction using the MSM-RF-EEMS method revealed that the constant association of EEM peak T1 (tryptophan) fraction could specifically be used to indicate the occurrence of urban pollution in source water. The correlation analysis on the presence of EEM peak T2 (tyrosine) fraction could be used as a supplementary proof to further verify the presence of urban pollution in source waters. These findings on using the presence of EEM peaks T1 and T2 within the primary HoA fraction would be significant and useful for developing a sensory device for online water quality monitoring.     

响应面法优化磷酸改性秸秆生物炭的制备

以秸秆为原料,磷酸为活化剂制备改性生物炭,利用基于Box-Behnken中心组合的响应面法对生物炭制备条件进行优化。根据响应面分析,热解温度、保留时间和磷酸质量分数对生物炭的吸附性能有显著影响,浸渍比影响不显著;保留时间与浸渍比、磷酸质量分数与浸渍比的交互作用对生物炭吸附能力也有显著影响。根据响应面法获得生物炭制备的最优条件为:热解温度884.32℃、保留时间82.61min、磷酸质量浓度40.74%、浸渍比1.74,此时生物炭最大碘吸附预测值为1 099mg/g,与验证实验实测结果(1 063mg/g)仅相差3.28%,表明响应面回归模型预测结果可靠。响应面法优化后制得的生物炭具有更高比表面积与总孔容,因此具有更高的吸附性能。     

长江重庆段主城水体沉积物溶解性有机质(DOM)的光谱特性

应用荧光发射光谱、荧光激发 发射光谱矩阵（EEMs）结合紫外 可见光吸收光谱对长江重庆段主城水体沉积物溶解性有机质(DOM)的光谱特性进行了研究。通过应用吸收指数E2/E3、荧光指数〖WTBX〗f450/f〖WTBZ〗500和三维荧光光谱特征指纹等参数,对长江重庆段主城水体沉积物溶解性有机质(DOM) 的来源、组成和空间分布规律进行了探讨。结果表明：沉积物溶解性有机质以类胡敏酸为主,其他的类富里酸、水体微生物代谢物质和类蛋白物质均有检出,陆源输入为水体沉积物溶解性有机质(DOM)主要来源,并且荧光强度在空间分布上呈现先升高后降低再升高的趋势     

Sources and environmental behavior of dechlorane plus--a review

Intensive research has been carried out in the past few years on the occurrence and behavior of dechlorane plus (DP) in the environment, biota and humans. This review summarizes the information and research results generated since DP was first identified in the environment in 2006. We describe the reported measurement methods for DP and provide an integrated picture of its occurrence and behavior as an environmental contaminant. DP in ambient air and sediments is characterized by strong source related concentration elevations and temporal trends reflecting commercial use. Long-range atmospheric transportation of DP has been observed in remote regions, indicating a global presence of DP. Levels of DP in biota and in humans further reinforce its source related distribution. The change in DP isomer ratio in various environmental matrices from commercial products indicates that the behavior of the two isomers is not the same in the environment or in biota. With only limited data available so far, the biomagnification of DP in aquatic biota has not been conclusively demonstrated. This review also looks at reported dechlorination products of DP that might be of interest in future research.     

游憩价值评价方法探讨——以凤阳山自然保护区为例

风景区游憩价值的评估对景区经营管理及开发保护等工作具有重要意义。本文基于笔者对条件价值法的创新,通过问卷设计和抽样调查,对凤阳山保护区游憩价值进行评估,计算出其2010年的总游憩价值2 031万元人民币。此项研究丰富了我国的环境价值评估理论研究和应用实践。     

汉江中下游流域土壤侵蚀高风险期及优先控制区协同分析

土壤侵蚀高风险期和优先控制区分别指土壤侵蚀发生的主要时段和区域。基于月尺度土壤侵蚀高风险期及优先控制区识别,对水土资源保护具有实践意义。基于USLE模型,定量分析汉江中下游流域不同月份土壤侵蚀时空分布特征,采用土壤侵蚀高风险期及优先控制区协同分析方法,先基于侵蚀量-时间曲线定量识别流域土壤侵蚀的高风险期,再基于侵蚀量-面积曲线识别高风险期内的优先控制区。结果表明,汉江中下游流域2010年土壤侵蚀具有集中分布特点,严重侵蚀区域主要集中在流域西北和东南地区,占流域面积的11.70%;轻度及以下侵蚀区域主要集中在流域东部和南部坡度较低的区域,占流域面积的88.30%。流域土壤侵蚀的高风险期为4月和7月,侵蚀量占全年的69.12%,其中,7月土壤侵蚀量最高,占全年的41.83%,4月土壤侵蚀量占全年的27.29%。汉江中下游流域高风险期内优先控制区占流域面积的12.22%,其侵蚀量达82.01%,优先控制区主要分布在流域北部、西部及东南部分县市。通过优先控制高风险期内的优先控制区域可以大大提高土壤侵蚀的控制效率。     

孔结构和表面化学性质对活性炭吸附性能的影响

测定了室温下3种活性炭(GAC-C、GAC-P和GAC-T)对CO2、CH4和N2的吸附性能,并对颗粒活性炭孔结构和表面化学性质进行了表征,探讨了孔结构和表面化学性质对活性炭吸附性能的影响。结果表明:由于吸附机理、孔结构、表面含氧官能团和分子极性的差异,CO2、CH4和N2在活性炭上的饱和吸附量和吸附常数的关系为CO2>CH4>N2;CH4和N2的饱和吸附量主要受活性炭微孔孔容的影响,N2和CO2饱和吸附量的差异分别是由0.572～2.0 nm的微孔和0.4～6 nm的孔引起的;CH4吸附常数主要受较大中孔和大孔影响,N2吸附常数与微孔密切相关,大孔对CO2的吸附常数影响最大。     

Spatial distribution and speciation of mercury and methyl mercury in the surface water of East River (Dongjiang) tributary of Pearl River Delta, South China

Purpose  

The distribution and speciation of mercury in surface water of East River, Guangdong province, China were investigated.