Spatial distribution and speciation of mercury and methyl mercury in the surface water of East River (Dongjiang) tributary of Pearl River Delta, South China

Purpose  

The distribution and speciation of mercury in surface water of East River, Guangdong province, China were investigated.     

Occurrence, distribution, and seasonal variation of estrogenic compounds and antibiotic residues in Jiulongjiang River, South China

Background and purpose

Estrogenic compounds and antibiotic residues in environment are receiving significant attention because of their potential adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. The objectives of this study were to determine the occurrence and seasonal variability of eight kinds of estrogenic compounds and 14 antibiotics. The study developed an occurrence database of the estrogenic compounds and antibiotics in spatial and temporal scale in Jiulongjiang River, South China, to provide useful information for environmental management of this region.

Methods

Eight estrogenic compounds and 14 antibiotic compounds were detected in Jiulongjiang River from 19 sampling sites during high-flow and low-flow season in surface water. The samples were preconcentrated by solid-phase extraction for analysis. Eight estrogenic compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Agilent 7890A-5975C), and antibiotics were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC?CMS/MS) system (ABI 3200 Q TRAP).

Results

All target compounds could be detected, except 17??-ethynylestradiol, sulfamerazine, and ofloxacin. The median concentrations for seven estrogenic compounds ranged from 6.00 to 610.72?ng/L, with the detection frequency range of 16.00?C100%. However, the detection frequencies of 13 antibiotics detected varied from 50% to 100%, with the median concentrations ranged from 0.89 to 117.97?ng/L. Seasonal variations were obvious for most estrogenic compounds in Jiulongjiang River, except for octylphenol and estriol. There were significant (P?Conclusion The Jiulongjiang River water was more seriously contaminated by diethylstilbestrol, estrone, sulfamethazine, and tetracyclines. Higher overall concentration levels of estrogenic compounds and antibiotics were detected in low-flow water than those in high-flow water. The pollution of estrogenic compounds and antibiotics in Jiulongjiang River mainly came from municipal sewage and livestock breeding activities.     

混凝法深度处理废纸造纸废水实验研究

按照烧杯实验方法,重点考察了pH值、混凝剂种类和投加量等因素对生化处理后废纸造纸废水混凝处理效果的影响。实验结果表明:PAC作为混凝剂,PAM作为助凝剂联合处理该废水时,能够取得较好的去浊率、SS、色度和COD去除率。混凝沉淀最佳运行条件为:废水pH为6.5,含铝量10%的PAC和2 g/L的PAM投加量分别为1 mL/L、0.5 mL/L,浊度从35 NTU降低到1 NTU,去除率达97.1%,SS从30 mg/L降低到7 mg/L,去除率达76.7%,色度从64倍降低到18倍,去除率达71.9%,COD从95 mg/L降低到44.8 mg/L,去除率可达52.8%,取得了较好的去除效果,达到国家造纸废水新排放标准限值。     

理顺运转机制,做好环境保护工作

阐述了环境管理，环境监测，环境监测三者之间的相互关系，并对三者之间的交叉点，矛盾点做了进一步的探讨和分析，提出了可行性的建议，以期形成统一，高效，具有强大战斗力的一支环保队伍。     

Bioaccumulative characteristics of hexabromocyclododecanes in freshwater species from an electronic waste recycling area in China

Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) are now emerging ubiquitous contaminants due to their wide usage, persistence and toxicities. To investigate the bioaccumulative characteristics of HBCDs, sediments, Winkle (Littorina littorea), crucian carp (Carassius carassius) and loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) were collected from two streams near an E-waste dismantling site in China, and HBCD exposure test was then conducted on Chinese rare minnow. The concentration of HBCDs was 14 ng g⁻¹ dry weight in sediments, 186, 377 and 1791 ng g⁻¹ lipid weight in winkle, crucian carp and loach, respectively. γ-HBCD was found to be the dominant diastereoisomer in the sediments (63% of total HBCDs). However, α-HBCD was selectively accumulated in the biotic samples and contributed to 77%, 63% and 63% of total HBCDs in winkle, crucian carp and loach, respectively. Moreover, an enrichment of (−)-enantiomers of α- and γ-HBCD were found in the winkle. The reverse results were observed in the crucian carp and loach. Similar observations of diastereoisomeric and enantiomeric composition were obtained in Chinese rare minnow with those found in the crucian carp and loach. These results indicate that the freshwater species from the streams are contaminated by HBCDs. α-HBCD can be selectively accumulated in organisms and the accumulative characteristics are enantioselective among species.     

农村水污染的社会原因分析

以浙江田村为个案,从村民的生活方式和生产方式的变化出发,分析没有外来工业污染情况下的农村水污染社会原因.我国广大农村正在遭受"现代化"生产、生活方式的包围和侵袭,要改变这种现状,首先要做的就是改变农民传统的对水的认识、提高广大农民的环境保护意识.     

垃圾渗滤液有机物浓度预测模型的建立及应用

在分析垃圾渗滤液有机物浓度变化规律的基础上,建立垃圾渗滤液有机物浓度预测模型,并通过模拟填埋实验求出模型参数.该模型预测值与实测值之间具有接近90%的相关性,表明模型预测值基本上反映了实测值的变化规律.同时,将此模型应用到广西南宁市城南垃圾填埋场坝下区,对坝下区垃圾渗滤液有机物浓度变化规律进行预测.结果表明,坝下区垃圾...     

蓝藻定向发酵产丁酸的条件研究

以4种有机酸(乳酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸)对厌氧颗粒污泥进行胁迫处理,将胁迫后的污泥接种太湖蓝藻进行发酵产丁酸的实验,考察单一有机酸及混合有机酸胁迫对提高蓝藻厌氧发酵产丁酸的影响.结果表明,采用乳酸浓度2 g/L、乙酸浓度6 g/L、丙酸浓度5 g/L和丁酸浓度12 g/L的混合有机酸胁迫污泥后产丁酸效果最佳,获得的最大丁...     

HRB500钢筋混凝土梁受剪承载力分析

通过8根集中荷载作用下,配有500MPa钢筋的混凝土梁的受剪承载力破坏试验,分析了500MPa钢筋混凝土梁在使用阶段的受剪承载力,以及T形多截面翼缘对裂缝宽度和受剪承载力的影响。同时对矩形梁与T形梁的受剪承载力进行了对比。试验结果表明：T形截面翼缘对斜裂缝的宽度有一定的影响,但影响不大;T形截面的抗剪承载力明显大于矩形截面。     

碳纳米材料的水环境行为及对水生生物毒理学研究进展

随着纳米科技的迅猛发展,人工碳纳米材料的生产和使用逐年递增,越来越多的碳纳米材料进入水环境中,对水生生物产生毒性效应。本文在介绍了碳纳米球、石墨烯、碳纳米管3种碳纳米材料的基础上,分析了碳纳米材料的水环境行为,重点综述了碳纳米材料对水生生物毒性效应研究现状,以及可能的致毒机制,并指出今后碳纳米材料对水生生物毒理学亟待加强的研究领域。