论创建“清洁文明工厂”活动

自1979年原国务院环境保护领导小组办公室为了促进工矿企业污染治理。提出在工矿企业开展清洁文明工厂活动后,化工、冶金、有色金属等行业,在经济体制改革和企业整顿过程中,于1980年相继颁布了清洁文明工厂的标准,制订了检查、评比、验收、命名清洁文明工厂的实施办法,在各自的系统中开展了创建清洁文明工厂活动。在创建活动过程中,各部门不断加强领导,修订标准和实施办法;有的行业还把清洁文明工厂     

浅谈环境监测中微机应用方面的质量保证

从当前环境监测工作中微机应用的现状出发，分析了对微机应用工作进行质量保证的内容及特点，并提出了对微机应用工作实施有效质量控制的一些观点。     

Measuring reactive nitrogen emissions from point sources using visible spectroscopy from aircraft

Accurate measurements of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a key trace gas in the formation and destruction of tropospheric ozone, are important in studies of urban pollution. Nitrogen dioxide column abundances were measured during the Texas Air Quality Study 2000 using visible absorption spectroscopy from an aircraft. The method allows for quantification of the integrated total number of nitrogen dioxide molecules in the polluted atmosphere and is hence a useful tool for measuring plumes of this key trace gas. Further, we show how such remote-sensing observations can be used to obtain information on the fluxes of nitrogen dioxide into the atmosphere with unique flexibility in terms of aircraft altitude, and the height and extent of mixing of the boundary layer. Observations of nitrogen dioxide plumes downwind of power plants were used to estimate the flux of nitrogen oxide emitted from several power plants in the Houston and Dallas metropolitan areas and in North Carolina. Measurements taken over the city of Houston were also employed to infer the total flux from the city as a whole.     

Phthalate and alkyl phenol concentrations in soil following applications of inorganic fertiliser or sewage sludge to pasture and potential rates of ingestion by grazing ruminants

Soil concentrations of dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and the alkyl phenols, octyl phenol (OP) and nonyl phenol (NP), after repeated surface applications of sewage sludge to pastures, were investigated. Liquid sludge was applied at a rate of 2.25 tonnes dry matter (DM) per hectare to each of three treated (T) plots on three occasions during the summer and two occasions in the early spring over a period of 2.5 years. Control (C) plots were treated with inorganic fertiliser containing amounts of nitrogen equivalent to those applied to the treated plots. At between 69 and 81 days after the application of sludge, 15 separate soil samples were collected from one half of each of the plots (Experiment 1). Concentrations (microg g(-1)) of DOP were higher (P < 0.001) than those of NP, while those of OP were generally below detectable levels. Mean soil concentrations of DOP were not significantly different in T and C plots [0.233 vs. 0.155 microg g(-1); standard error of the difference (SED) = 0.046; not significant (NS)], partly because there was already a relatively large amount of DOP present. NP concentrations were, however, significantly higher in T than in C plots (0.021 vs. 0.013 microg g(-1) SED = 0.002; P < 0.05). There was no consistent change over time in the mean soil concentrations of these compounds when sampled at intervals of 3-6 months. Concentrations in soil samples collected at monthly intervals following sludge application indicated that the variation in concentrations of these endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDC) was unrelated to time since sludge application. Rates of soil ingestion, expressed as the percentage of DM intake represented by soil, were higher during the winter than the summer (5.40 vs. 1.17; SED = 0.360; P < 0.001) and estimated daily intakes of DOP and NP were up to 150 microg and 8 microg, respectively. It is concluded that the application of sewage sludge to pasture does not increase soil concentrations of phthalate (as DOP) or alkyl phenols. Thus, the risk of increased exposure to these EDC as a result of sludge application is small. However, the small effect of sludge application on soil concentrations may be largely a reflection of the relatively high concentrations of DOP already present in the soil, which may be biologically significant.     

含铬废水处理研究

<正> 含铬废水的主要来源是电镀、冶炼、制革、印染、化工及火力发电厂等工业生产过程中所排放出来的废水。而作为火电厂的最大废物——粉煤灰,以年排放量六千多万吨速度增加,不仅占用了大量土地,而且对周围水体、空气和土壤造成了污染,粉煤灰的综合利用率仅为20％。根据粉煤灰的研究表     

星星之火可以燎原—徐州市民间环保组织、社会团体透视

近年来，徐州市民间环保组织和社会团体发展十分迅猛，据初步调查，有正规名称、在民政部门注册且经常开展活动的就有１５家左右。他们除利用环保纪念日进行宣传外，还就市民关心的环境热点问题展开行动，如写污染源调查报告、到污染企业考察、上集贸市场呼吁宣传、采访市县政府领导、向新闻媒体提供污染线索、举办讲座等。有的环保组织和社会团体还举办所在辖区范围内中小型污染企业法人培训班，宣传党和政府的环保法律法规。总之，在徐州“环境保护，人人有责”已不是官话、套话，而是实实在在看得见、说得明、理得清的实际行为。环保社团…     

福建崇安─宁化地区金锡多金属矿床成矿特征和成矿规律

在阐明成矿地质背景基础上，论述了崇安─宁化地区金锡多金属矿床成矿地质特征，并从成矿控制、矿床时空分布格局、成矿区域、成矿系列等方面总结了成矿规律。将崇安─宁化构造成矿带划分成3个成矿区，同时将全锡多金属矿床划分成三大成矿系列和6个矿床式。     

连云港港环境保护工作现状分析

总结连云港港务局环境保护工作取得的成绩,指出目前存在的主要问题,依据可持续发展的思想提出解决的办法.