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451.
Harold S. Bernstein Roy A. Filly James D. Goldberg Dr. Mitchell S. Golbus 《黑龙江环境通报》1991,11(6):349-355
This paper reports our experience with 55 fetuses identified in utero to have a cystic hygroma. The outcome of fetuses with an isolated cystic hygroma, cystic hygroma with non-immune hydrops, and cystic hygroma with multiple anomalies was evaluated. Approximately two-thirds of karyotypes were aneuploid, and a strong association of septation and aneuploidy existed. Only five cases, four of which had isolated hygromas, came to term and resulted in live births. Two of these involved small non-septated lesions which resolved in utero. 相似文献
452.
ABSTRACT: A computer program written in BASIC calculates net changes in stream channel cross-sections. Calculations are based on dividing the channel cross-section into discrete regions of scour and fill. Internal boundaries of these regions (along the x-axis of the cross-section) are determined by the location of vertical depth measurements taken at two distinct times. The right and left boundaries of the cross-section can be specified so that scour or fill can be calculated for any portion of the profile desired. 相似文献
453.
The pattern of the spatial variation in arsenic concentration in groundwater of Bangladesh is usually needed for the planning of safe drinking water. Often a model-based prediction is required for this purpose. In this paper, we fit a Bayesian hierarchical geostatistical model by utilizing data from the project, ‘Groundwater studies of arsenic concentration in Bangladesh’ conducted by the British Geological Survey and the Department of Public Health Engineering of Bangladesh. We also develop a predictive model for arsenic concentration at different levels of well-depth using the same approach. The resulting predictive model has been cross-validated by appropriate statistical tools. Finally, we obtained reliable spatially continuous predictive maps and predictive probability maps showing the areas with high probability of arsenic concentration for different levels of well-depth. Results indicate that our model fits the data well and captures a substantial amount of spatial variation. Moreover, well-depth is found to have a significant contribution in explaining the observed variation in arsenic concentration. The predictive maps that have been produced are observed to be different for various levels of well-depths and are expected to be helpful to the policy makers in preparing proper regional planning for safe drinking water. 相似文献
454.
Transport phases of four metals of geochemical and water quality importance were investigated in rivers around Jamshedpur. The metals iron, manganese, zinc and copper were partitioned into dissolved, adsorbed and or ion exchangeable, solid organic, oxide coating and crystalline phases applying filtration for the dissolved phase and a chemical fractionation scheme for the particulates. Iron and copper were transported mainly in the particulate phases at all sites, while manganese and zinc were found in the dissolved phase up to a hundred percent depending on the pH of water sample and pollution at the site concerned. Except copper more than 75 percent of all other three metals occurred in transport modes thought to be available to aqueous and biotic interactions. Copper was in available phases from 50 to 70 percent. The significance of metal partitioning as a factor in controlling metal availability and toxicity to biota is discussed. 相似文献
455.
Patnaik BB Roy A Agarwal S Bhattacharya S 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2010,31(4):413-416
Sprague Dawley strain of male rats weighing 200 +/- 10.0 g, were exposed intramuscularly to non-lethal dose of mercury for short acute duration of 24 and 48 hr. Mercury treatment increased thio-barbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and conjugated diene (CD) content with increase in duration when compared with control. This reflects possible increase in lipid peroxidation, revealing that sufficient intoxication was generated by non-lethal dose of mercury. Furthermore, mercury treatment decreased tissue glutathione (GSH) content to 2.07 and 1.49 microg GSH mg protein(-1) with concomitant decrease in glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity by 26.06 and 36.40% after 24 and 48 hr of exposure respectively. The elevations of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels measured exhibited increase of 287.5 and 214.5% after 48 hr of exposure respectively which were found to be highly significant compared with control. Western blot analysis indicated upregulation of caspase-9 and upsurge in effect or caspase-3 activity leading to apoptosis. The concluded findings of the present investigation suggests possible role of early mercury exposure in inducing oxidative stress mediated apoptosis in mammalian model systems as an indicator component of environmental toxicology. 相似文献
456.
N. Gruchy F. Vialard E. Blondeel N. Le Meur G. Joly-Hélas P. Chambon M. Till M. Herbaut-Graux A. Vigouroux-Castera A. Coussement J. Lespinasse F. Amblard M. Jimenez L. Lebel Roy Camille F. Carré-Pigeon E. Flori F. Mugneret S. Jaillard C. Yardin R. Harbuz M. Collonge Rame P. Vago M. Valduga N. Leporrier 《黑龙江环境通报》2014,34(12):1133-1138
457.
458.
This study compares the recidivism rates of two groups of Illinois drivers who had their driver's licenses revoked for alcohol-impaired driving and who received restricted driving permits. Drivers in both groups had more than two driving under the influence (DUI) actions against their record within 5 years or were classed as level III alcohol dependents. Drivers in one group were required to install breath alcohol ignition interlock devices in their vehicles and drivers in the other group were not. The research found that drivers with the interlock were one-fifth as likely to be arrested for DUI during the 1 year the device was installed as the comparison group, which did not have the device. However, once the ignition interlock was removed, drivers in this group rapidly returned to DUI arrest rates similar to those in the comparison group. These findings echo previous literature. Additionally, the study showed that this voluntary program in Illinois reached only 16% of the drivers who met the requirements for installing the interlock device. Finally, this study found that individuals who were removed from the interlock program and returned to revoked status continued to drive. Within 3 years, approximately 50% of this latter group were involved in a crash or were arrested for DUI or with an invalid driver's license. Conclusions drawn from the study suggest that the breath alcohol ignition interlock device is effective in preventing continued driving while impaired. However, the large-scale effectiveness of the device is limited since most of the drivers eligible for the device do not have it installed. To have a significant impact, the interlock device must represent a better alternative to drivers whose licenses were suspended or revoked because of alcohol arrests compared to remaining on revoked status without having the device installed. Finally the research suggests that, given the rapid return to predevice recidivism, the devices should remain installed until drivers can demonstrate an extended period of being alcohol free. 相似文献
459.
Roy JW Hall JC Parkin GW Wagner-Riddle C Clegg BS 《Journal of environmental quality》2001,30(4):1360-1370
The leaching of surface-applied herbicides, such as dicamba (2methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid), to ground water is an environmental concern. Seasonal changes in soil temperature and water content, affecting infiltration and biodegradation, may control leaching. The objectives of this study were to (i) investigate the leaching of dicamba applied to turfgrass, (ii) measure the degradation rate of dicamba in soil and thatch in the laboratory under simulated field conditions, and (iii) test the ability of the model EXPRES (containing LEACHM) to simulate the field transport and degradation processes. Four field lysimeters, packed with sandy loam soil and topped with Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) sod, were monitored after receiving three applications (May, September, November) of dicamba. Concentrations of dicamba greater than 1 mg L(-1) were detected in soil water. Although drying of the soil during the summer prevented deep transport, greater leaching occurred in late autumn due to increased infiltration. From the batch experiment, the degradation rate for dicamba in thatch was 5.9 to 8.4 times greater than for soil, with a calculated half-life as low as 5.5 d. Computer modeling indicated that the soil and climatic conditions would influence the effectiveness of greater degradation in thatch for reducing dicamba leaching. In general, EXPRES predictions were similar to observed concentration profiles, though peak dicamba concentrations at the 10-cm depth tended to be higher than predicted in May and November. Differences between predictions and observations are probably a result of minor inaccuracies in the water-flow simulation and the model's inability to modify degradation rates with changing climatic conditions. 相似文献
460.