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121.
Chlorovinylannes (Lewisites) were produced and handled during WW I and WW II as chemical warfare agents. Residues of these
cwa and their metabolites are still present today and continue to contaminate soil and water.
A gas Chromatographic method for the detection and determination of chlorovinylarsines (Lewisites) and their metabolites is
shown. Lewisite II and Lewisite III, but not Lewisite I and the metabolites of Lewisite I and Lewisite II can be detected
and determined using GC/ECD. After derivatization with thiols, the sum of Lewisite I or Lewisite II and their metabolites
are detected. With the proper selection of the thiol, matrix interferences can be eliminated because of the different retention
times of the derivatives. 相似文献
122.
The investigation of object-by-attribute matrices is very common in statistics and data analysis with the aim of uncovering every possible relationship among objects and/or attributes. Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) is a method, which stems directly from partial order and lattice theory, which provides an efficient tool to symmetrically uncover linkages among objects and attributes whenever a relation stands among the two sets. It provides efficacious graphical representation and computes association rules between attributes, thus helping in the detection of possible synergism or antagonism of attributes. In this paper, FCA potentialities are discussed and described by means of a case study already investigated by other partial order techniques: the case of Lake Ontario sediment samples. Data derive from a ‘test battery’ for a simultaneous analysis of degradation of Lake Ontario samples, which are basically of two typologies: hygienic and toxicity tests. A multi-valued approach is adopted to cope with the ordinal feature of data. Results highlight interesting interaction among hygienic compounds and a synergism between the two toxicity tests. 相似文献
123.
Currently, many countries are establishing goals for substituting biofuels for fossil fuels. These goals usually foresee 5–10% substitution while today's production, in most countries, is far below 2%. Evidently, many countries will seek to meet their ambitious biofuel targets through imports. This global trade in biofuels, which is to some extent already taking place, will have a major impact not only on other commodity markets like vegetable oils or animal fodder but also on the global land use change and on environmental impacts. This special issue focuses on the relation between trading, policy making and sustainability impacts of biofuels. It demonstrates the strong but complex link between biofuels production and the global food market, it unveils policy measures as the main drivers for production and use of biofuels and it analyzes various sustainability indicators and certification schemes for biofuels with respect to minimizing the adverse effects of biofuels while maximizing the benefits of the future use of biofuels. 相似文献
124.
Dr. Ulrich Gembruch Molly Chatterjee Rainer Bald Gerd Eldering Helga Göcke Andreas E. Urban Manfred Hansmann 《黑龙江环境通报》1990,10(4):211-217
A case of aortic atresia with insufficiency of mitral valve diagnosed prenatally at 33 weeks of gestation is presented. An accurate diagnosis of this fetal cardiovascular malformation was possible by application of Doppler colour flow mapping, which demonstrated (a) the absence of forward flow in the hypoplastic ascending aorta, (b) reverse flow of blood from the ductus arteriosus into the severely hypoplastic ascending aorta in the late systole, (c) pansystolic mitral valve regurgitation, and (d) absent flow across the foramen ovale as a result of premature closure of the foramen ovale. 相似文献
125.
126.
Hoenicke R Davis JA Gunther A Mumley TE Abu-Saba K Taberski K 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,81(1-3):15-25
The San Francisco Estuary Regional Monitoring Program (RMP) for Trace Substances is an innovative partnership among a regulatory agency, more than 70 regulated entities, and an independent scientific organization. The institutional arrangement behind the RMP has made the regulatory system increasingly responsive to emerging management needs, particularly with regard to the development of total maximum daily loads and ecosystem impairment assessment. Through multi-agency partnerships within and outside the RMP institutional structure, major information gaps for several pollutants of concern have been narrowed, resulting in a successful consensus-based regulatory approach to managing copper and nickel mass inputs into the Estuary. Short-term research efforts, based upon monitoring results, helped identify the most cost-effective control and remediation options for various bioaccumulative substances. Additionally, adaptive changes to the monitoring program documented the existence of widespread aquatic toxicity in the Estuary that is apparently due to pesticide runoff from agricultural and urban areas. One of the most important contributions of this collaborative monitoring program is the deliberate and systematic adjustment of management and research questions that serve to influence and add relevance to the overall research agenda related to San Francisco Estuary ecosystem assessment. 相似文献
127.
This report of an international conference about the problems around lakeshores, their evaluation and the possibilities to improve the situation for lake shores, continues the series ‘Lake shores, a forgotten ecotone’ as article 4. Five main topics were discussed: (1) applied ecology of lakeshores, (2) human impact, (3) ecological assessment, (4) protection and restoration, (5) sustainable development and use of lake shores. 相似文献
128.
129.
Response patterns in adult forest trees to chronic ozone stress: identification of variations and consistencies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nunn AJ Reiter IM Häberle KH Langebartels C Bahnweg G Pretzsch H Sandermann H Matyssek R 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2005,136(3):365-369
The responsiveness of adult beech and spruce trees to chronic O(3) stress was studied at a free-air O(3) exposure experiment in Freising/Germany. Over three growing seasons, gas exchange characteristics, biochemical parameters, macroscopic O(3) injury and the phenology of leaf organs were investigated, along with assessments of branch and stem growth as indications of tree performance. To assess response pattern to chronic O(3) stress in adult forest trees, we introduce a new evaluation approach, which provides a comprehensive, readily accomplishable overview across several tree-internal scaling levels, different canopy regions and growing seasons. This new approach, based on a three-grade colour coding, combines statistical analysis and the proficient ability of the "human eye" in pattern recognition. 相似文献
130.
Korbinian P. Freier Rainer Brüggemann Gunnar Nützmann 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2007,19(3):189-196