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Determination of polyfluoroalkyl compounds in water and suspended particulate matter in the river Elbe and North Sea, Germany 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lutz Ahrens Merle Plassmann Zhiyong Xie Ralf Ebinghaus 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2009,3(2):152-170
The distribution of polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) in the dissolved and particulate phase and their discharge from the river
Elbe into the North Sea were studied. The PFCs quantified included C4-C8 perfluorinated sulfonates (PFSAs), 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTS), C6 and C8 perfluorinated sulfinates (PFSiAs), C4-C12 perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs), perfluoro-3,7-dimethyl-octanoic acid (3,7m2-PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA), and n-ethyl perfluroctane sulfonamidoethanol (EtFOSE). PFCs were mostly distributed
in the dissolved phase, where perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) dominated with 2.9–12.5 ng/L. In the suspended particulate matter
FOSA and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) showed the highest concentrations (4.0 ng/L and 2.3 ng/L, respectively). The total
flux of ΣPFCs from the river Elbe was estimated to be 802 kg/year for the dissolved phase and 152 kg/year for the particulate
phase. This indicates that the river Elbe acts as a source of PFCs into the North Sea. However, the concentrations of perfluorobutane
sulfonate (PFBS) and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) in the North Sea were higher than that in the river Elbe, thus an alternative
source must exist for these compounds. 相似文献
58.
We used the interdisciplinary model network REGFLUD to predict the actual mean nitrate concentration in percolation water at the scale of the Weser river basin (Germany) using an area differentiated (100 m × 100 m) approach.REGFLUD combines the agro-economic model RAUMIS for estimating nitrogen surpluses and the hydrological models GROWA/DENUZ for assessing the nitrate leaching from the soil.For areas showing predicted nitrate concentrations in percolation water above the European Union (EU) groundwater quality standard of 50 mg NO 3 -N/L,effective agri-environmental reduction measures need to be derived and implemented to improve groundwater and surface water quality by 2015.The effects of already implemented agricultural policy are quantified by a baseline scenario projecting the N-surpluses from agricultural sector to 2015.The REGFLUD model is used to estimate the effects of this scenario concerning groundwater and surface water pollution by nitrate.From the results of the model analysis the needs for additional measures can be derived in terms of required additional N-surplus reduction and in terms of regional prioritization of measures.Research work will therefore directly support the implementation of the Water Framework Directive of the European Union in the Weser basin. 相似文献
59.
We used the interdisciplinary model network REGFLUD to predict the actual mean nitrate concentration in percolation water at
the scale of the Weser river basin (Germany) using an area di erentiated (100 m 100 m) approach. REGFLUD combines the
agro-economic model RAUMIS for estimating nitrogen surpluses and the hydrological models GROWA/DENUZ for assessing the
nitrate leaching from the soil. For areas showing predicted nitrate concentrations in percolation water above the European Union (EU)
groundwater quality standard of 50 mg NO3-N/L, e ective agri-environmental reduction measures need to be derived and implemented
to improve groundwater and surface water quality by 2015. The e ects of already implemented agricultural policy are quantified by
a baseline scenario projecting the N-surpluses from agricultural sector to 2015. The REGFLUD model is used to estimate the e ects
of this scenario concerning groundwater and surface water pollution by nitrate. From the results of the model analysis the needs
for additional measures can be derived in terms of required additional N-surplus reduction and in terms of regional prioritization of
measures. Research work will therefore directly support the implementation of the Water Framework Directive of the European Union
in the Weser basin. 相似文献
60.
Ralf Schulz Maike Hauschild Markus Ebeling Jakob Nanko-Drees Joem Wogram Mathias Liess 《Chemosphere》1998,36(15):3071-3082
A field method is described, which allows the qualitative estimation of pesticide contamination in the edgeof-field runoff. The method employs cheap and easy-to-use runoff sampling bottles, which were installed in an agricultural stream catchment over a period of three growing seasons. During this time 18 runoff events were detected, in nine of which insecticide contamination was measured (maximum concentrations: lindane 0.7 μg l−1 and 12.7 μg kg−1, parathion 20 μg l−1 and 728 μg kg−, fenvalerate 18.4 μg 1-1 and 924 μg kg−1). These insecticides were detected mainly as particle-bound chemicals. On about 80 % of the occasions the presence or absence of runoff measured in the field was in agreement with a simulation of runoff presence or absence using the runoff model KINEROS. 相似文献