Allelopathic effect of Ageratum conyzoides L., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Parthenium hysterophorus L., and Solanum nigrum L. were examined on seed germination, seedling growth, total protein content and protein profile on Ankur, Bhatt, Bragg, PK -416, PS-1042 and Shilajeet varieties of soybean (Glycine max (L) Merill). Aqueous extracts of weeds (10% w/v) showed both inhibitory and stimulatory influence on percent seed germination and seedling growth in different varieties of soybean. On the basis of per cent reduction in different parameters, the variety Bragg and PS-1042, and Shilajeet were resistant and susceptible respectively to different weed extracts, and among weed extracts, S. nigrum was most effective followed by P. hysterophorus compared to others. The total protein content (mg/g f wt.) in different varieties was increased with all the weed extracts except Bragg with C. dactylon and P. hysterophorus, PS-1042 with A. conyzoides and Shilajeet with C. dactylon, in which it was decreased. The protein banding pattern in different varieties not only differ between control and treatments but also among treatments. The order of susceptibility of different varieties with different weed extracts followed the order: Ankur > PK-416 > Bhatt > Shilajeet > Bragg and > PS-1042. 相似文献
This study examined whether adding spin to a ball in the free kick situation in football affects a professional footballer’s
perception of the ball’s future arrival position. Using a virtual reality set-up, participants observed the flight paths of
aerodynamically realistic free kicks with (±600 rpm) and without sidespin. With the viewpoint being fixed in the centre of
the goal, participants had to judge whether the ball would have ended up in the goal or not. Results show that trajectories
influenced by the Magnus force caused by sidespin gave rise to a significant shift in the percentage of goal responses. The
resulting acceleration that causes the ball to continually change its heading direction as the trajectory unfolds does not
seem to be taken into account by the participants when making goal judgments. We conclude that the visual system is not attuned
to such accelerated motion, which may explain why goalkeepers appear to misjudge the future arrival point of such curved free
kicks.
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at . 相似文献
The equilibrium distributions, between water and coal-tar contaminated sediment, of 16 monocyclic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were measured and evaluated for consistency with a Raoult's Law-based quantitative relationship. The quantitative relationship calculates the pore water concentration as the product of the aqueous solubility (or for compounds that are solid at room temperature, the aqueous super-cooled liquid solubility) and the mole fraction concentration of the compound within the liquid coal tar. Sediment was collected at five locations at two depths within a 120 m stretch of a river adjacent to a former manufactured gas plant, and all samples contained non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) coal tar. Although the amount of coal tar varied between samples by over an order of magnitude, the Raoult's Law-based NAPL-water partition coefficients for each monocyclic or 2- or 3-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon measured in this study generally varied within a factor of 2 over all sediments. 相似文献
Placement of a microbial active sand cap on a coal tar-contaminated river sediment has been suggested as a cost effective remediation strategy. This approach assumes that the flux of contaminants from the sediment is sufficiently balanced by oxygen and nutrient fluxes into the sand layer such that microbial activity will reduce contaminant concentrations within the new benthic zone and reduce the contaminant flux to the water column. The dynamics of such a system were evaluated using batch and column studies with microbial communities from tar-contaminated sediment under different aeration and nutrient inputs. In a 30-d batch degradation study on aqueous extracts of coal tar sediment, oxygen and nutrient concentrations were found to be key parameters controlling the degradation rates of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). For the five PAHs monitored (naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, and pyrene), degradation rates were inversely proportional to molecular size. For the column studies, where three columns were packed with a 20-cm sand layer on the top of a 5 cm of sediment layer, flow was established to sand layers with (1) aerated water, (2) N(2) sparged water, or (3) HgCl(2)-sterilized N(2) sparged water. After steady-state conditions, PAH concentrations in effluents were the lowest in the aerated column, except for pyrene, whose concentration was invariant with all effluents. These laboratory scale studies support that if sufficient aeration can be achieved in the field through either active and passive means, the resulting microbially active sand layer can improve the water quality of the benthic zone and reduce the flux of many, but not all, PAHs to the water column. 相似文献
Hunting is a threat to wildlife within the Hkakaborazi National Park in north Myanmar. We used questionnaire surveys to obtain
data on variables such as commonly targeted species, prices of traded wildlife, reasons for hunting and the relative importance
of livelihood sources. We examine (a) the significance of hunting and trade for livelihoods and explore (b) the impacts of
hunting on targeted species. Ninety per cent of trade records (n = 803) was constituted by seven species commonly targeted by hunters (serow, red goral, muntjac, bear, Assamese macaque,
black musk deer and takin). Commercially valuable species previously targeted by hunters (tiger, otter, pangolin) appear to
be completely absent from current harvest records and potentially in decline. Although farming is the predominant occupation,
hunting (driven by trade) represents a significantly higher source of income than other livelihood activities. Management
recommendations include increased investment in enforcement, education and outreach, small livestock development, improved
crop productivity, demarcation of no-take areas for wildlife and biological monitoring of targeted species. 相似文献
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are highly non-linear operations concerned with huge disturbances in flow rate and concentration of pollutants with uncertainties in the composition of influent wastewater. In this work, the activated sludge process model with seven reactor configuration in the ASM3bioP framework is used to achieve simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. A total of 8 control approaches are designed and implemented in the advanced simulation framework for assessment of the performance. The performance of the WWTP (effluent quality index and global plant performance) and the operational costs are also evaluated to compare the control approaches. Additionally, this paper reports a comparison among proportional integral (PI) control, fuzzy logic control, and model-based predictive control (MPC) configurations framework. The simulation outcomes indicated that all three control approaches were able to enhance the performance of WWTP when compared with open loop operation.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Biodiesel is a renewable, clean-burning diesel replacement that can be used in existing diesel engines without modification. Biodiesel is among the... 相似文献