Effect of ambient air pollution on tuberculosis risks and mortality in Shandong,China: a multi-city modeling study of the short- and long-term effects of pollutants

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Few studies conducted in China have assessed the effects of ambient air pollution exposure on tuberculosis (TB) risk and mortality, especially with a...     

超市火灾烟气蔓延及人员疏散的模拟研究

针对某大型超市的实际建筑结构以及人员分布情况,利用计算机模拟设定了几种不同情况下的火灾场景,研究了火灾情况下影响人员疏散的因素,并根据烟气运动和人员疏散模拟的结果,对该超市人员疏散楼梯的数量、宽度以及位置分布进行评估.指出了实际超市火灾过程中人员疏散应该注意的一些问题,给出了合理的防火分区划分以及疏散楼梯的分配方式,对超市建筑人员疏散具有一定的指导意义.     

夏季大空间内火灾机械排烟效率的研究

采用全尺寸实验对夏季大空间内火灾机械排烟的效率进行了研究.实验过程中主要测量了火源功率和大空间内的烟气温度两个参数.通过分析大空间内烟气温度的分布规律,得到了机械排烟控制下不同火源功率的大空间内稳定的烟气层高度.根据Heskestad羽流模型计算了烟气生成速率,与机械排烟速率比较得到了夏季大空间内火灾机械排烟的效率.实验结果表明,在夏季大空间中,当火源功率不是很大时,大空间内外的温差使得外界补充进来的空气和火灾生成的烟气更加容易发生掺混,导致机械排烟的效率大大降低;按照规范规定的6次换气率进行排烟,在实验的300～1 000 kW的火源功率范围内,夏季大空间内火灾机械排烟的效率约为30%.火源功率的增大,在一定程度上削弱了空气与烟气的掺混,机械排烟的效率略有提高,但是提高的效果并不是很明显.     

加深对当前火灾特点的认识搞好火灾防治

1引言 近年来,我国的火灾形势比较严峻,连续发生了多起特大和重大建筑火灾.尽快采取有效措施,改变这种局面,已经成为党和政府高度重视、人民普遍关心的问题.     

SBR法处理油页岩废水试验研究

对油页岩废水水质进行分析,采用SBR工艺进行处理,以废水COD和总石油烃为控制指标,结合污泥脱氢酶的活性,探索SBR工艺运行的最佳条件;并利用修正的Monod公式,对SBR池中生化动力学进行研究,确定了其动力学参数,反应级数及反应速率常数.结果表明,在温度为24～28℃,pH值为6.58 ～ 7.24,DO为3.36～4.36mg/L,水力停留时间为36 h条件下,处理效果较佳.在进水水量为15L,COD为491.008 mg/L,总石油烃为33.25 mg/L时,废水COD去除率可达70％,总石油烃去除率可达90％.     

改进遗传算法在污水处理工艺优选决策指标权值确定中的应用

构建了基于模糊聚类的改进遗传算法（简称FMGA）,用于污水处理工艺优选决策指标权值的确定。FMGA的数值仿真结果表明,该算法能有效避免早熟收敛,能在较短时间内获取指标权值并且运算过程稳定。最后,将FMGA用于确定三峡库区城镇污水处理工艺优选决策指标的权值。结果表明,经济（0．2602）〉技术（0．2094）〉能耗（0．...     

Estrogenic activity profiles and risks in surface waters and sediments of the Pearl River system in South China assessed by chemical analysis and in vitro bioassay

Estrogenic activity risks in the Pearl River system (Liuxi River, Zhujiang River and Shijing River) in South China were assessed by combined chemical analysis and recombinant yeast estrogen screen (YES) bioassay for surface waters and sediments collected in both dry and wet seasons. The xenoestrogens 4-tert-octylphenol, 4-nonylphenol and bisphenol A were detected at almost every sampling site at concentrations of several ng L(-1) (ng g(-1)) to tens of μg L(-1) (μg g(-1)) in surface waters (and sediments). The estrogens estrone and 17β-estradiol were also detected in most of the samples with concentrations from several ng L(-1) (ng g(-1)) to tens of ng L(-1) (ng g(-1)) in surface waters (and sediments). However, synthetic estrogens diethylstilbestrol and 17α-ethinylestradiol were only detected at a few sites. The 17β-estradiol equivalents (EEQ) screened by the YES bioassay were in the range of 0.23-324 ng L(-1) in surface waters and from not detected to 101 ng g(-1) in sediments. Shijing River displayed one to two orders of magnitude higher levels for both measured chemical concentrations and estrogenic activities than the Zhujiang River and the Liuxi River. A risk assessment for the surface waters showed high risks for the downstream reaches of the Liuxi River and the upstream to midstream reaches of the Zhujiang River and the Shijing River. Higher estrogenic risks were observed in the wet season than in the dry season for surface waters, probably due to the input of runoff and direct overflow of small urban streams during heavy rain events. Only small variations in estrogenic risk were found for the sediments between the two seasons, suggesting that sediments are a sink for these estrogenic compounds in the rivers.     

空分主冷凝蒸发器爆炸的故障树分析

基于故障树分析的方法,结合大量国内外曾发生的事故,以空分主冷凝爆炸事故为顶事件,采用布尔代数运算法则求解,得到8个最小割集,通过比较结构重要度得出控制系统失效和液氧排放不连续这两个基本事件的重要度最大,即控制系统失效和液氧排放不连续在故障树结构中对顶事件发生的影响程度最大.因此,为了防止主冷爆炸的发生,要连续排放一定量的液氧,且控制系统监控的准确性也是非常重要的.     

WASP模型湖库水环境模拟国内外研究进展综述

WASP（The water quality analysis simulation program）模型是美国环保局（EPA）推荐使用的水质模型之一,数年来被广泛应用于各类水体的水质模拟、预测和决策制定.本文简述了WASP模型的基本原理,针对湖泊和水库较为相似的水环境特征,阐述了WASP模型在湖库水环境中应用的国内外进展,总结和分析了WASP模型的应用前景和不足之处,为进行湖库水环境模拟研究和模型的选用提供一定的参考依据.     

三门湾浮游植物群落结构与环境因子的关系研究

根据2014年春季和夏季三门湾生态环境调查数据,应用多元分析技术分析了三门湾浮游植物分布特征及与环境因子的关系。调查期间,共鉴定到浮游植物82种,其中春季4门46种,夏季4门64种,浮游植物丰度和优势种季节变化明显。通过冗余分析（RDA）,影响三门湾浮游植物群落结构的主要环境因子,春季包括盐度、水温、溶解氧、无机氮和悬浮物,夏季包括总有机碳、硅酸盐、水温、无机氮、悬浮物、盐度和活性磷酸盐。