减压蒸馏耦合微电解处理六硝基二段洗水

通过对六硝基茋(HNS)生产过程中第二段工艺的产品洗涤废水进行水质分析,针对该段废水含有大量吡啶和多种溴代和硝基芳香类化合物的特点,探究了减压蒸馏耦合锌碳微电解法处理二段洗水的效果并优化工艺参数。结果显示,70℃条件下,二段洗水蒸馏至原体积的86.9%时,蒸馏剩余废水TOC去除率为44%,并且此前收集的馏分中吡啶浓度为10%～31.9%(V/V)。减压蒸馏工艺起到收集吡啶同时降低废水TOC的双重作用。减压蒸馏后,残留在废水中的有机物以溴代和硝基芳香化合物为主,采用微电解工艺,其条件优化实验的结果显示,在废水初始pH=1.0,锌投加量为25 g/L,锌碳投加比为1∶1,反应60 min后,废水TOC去除率为33%,采用多级微电解工艺可提高去除效果。     

攀钢高炉渣作为光催化原料的可行性分析

面对资源和环境问题日益严重的今天,人们对自然资源的合理利用以及在此过程中对环境的影响越来越关注。针对攀枝花高炉炉渣特点,以综合利用和环保的思想来探讨如何合理利用该炉渣的途径,并就其作为光催化原料的可行性进行了分析,以求达到改善环境和综合利用我国钛资源的目的。     

中庭式建筑内回廊排烟方法有效性的研究

中庭式建筑各楼层均通过中庭相连,因此给建筑物内机械排烟设计造成了困难.近年来一些学者提出了回廊排烟的概念,但并没有进行深入的研究.本文采用二维线性羽流模型对回廊排烟过程进行了描述,从理论上分析了采用回廊排烟控制建筑内烟气蔓延的效果.并采用FDS对一实际中庭式建筑采用回廊排烟的效果进行了模拟,对理论分析进行了验证.还对回廊内蓄烟池的深度进行了讨论,提出将回廊蓄烟池深度设为1 m左右是比较合适的.     

典型竖井结构中毒性烟气运动过程的实验及数值模拟

研究竖井结构内有毒烟气的运动规律的特点,对于发展烟气控制技术,制定合理的人员安全疏散预案具有重要意义.通过高层竖井小尺寸实验,较为全面系统地研究了典型竖井结构内CO浓度场分布以及迁移运动规律.发现相同实验条件下,竖井内CO浓度变化过程随着竖井结构的不同而不同.同时结合FDS模拟及数值分析,讨论了竖井结构形式对毒性烟气迁移的影响.     

Redressing China’s Strategy of Water Resource Exploitation

China, with the confrontation of water-related problems as an element of its long history, has been investing heavily in water engineering projects over the past few decades based on the assumption that these projects can solve its water problems. However, the anticipated benefits did not really occur, or at least not as large as expected. Instead, the results involved additional frustrations, such as biodiversity losses and human-induced disasters (i.e., landslides and earthquakes). Given its inherent shortcomings, the present engineering-dominated strategy for the management of water resources cannot help solve China’s water problems and achieve its goal of low-carbon transformation. Therefore, the present strategy for water resources exploitation needs to be reevaluated and redressed. A policy change to achieve better management of Chinese rivers is urgently needed.     

Assessments on emergy and greenhouse gas emissions of internal combustion engine automobiles and electric automobiles in the USA

Increasing energy consumption in the transportation sector results in challenging greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and environmental problems. This paper involved integrated assessments on GHG emissions and emergy of the life cycle for the internal combustion engine (ICE) and electric automobiles in the USA over the entire assumed fifteen-year lifetime. The hotspots of GHG emissions as well as emergy indices for the major processes of automobile life cycle within the defined system boundaries have been investigated. The potential strategies for reducing GHG emissions and emergy in the life cycle of both ICE and electric automobiles were further proposed. Based on the current results, the total GHG emissions from the life cycle of ICE automobiles are 4.48E + 07 kg CO₂-e which is 320 times higher than that of the electric automobiles. The hotspot area of the GHG emissions from ICE and electric automobiles are operation phase and manufacturing process, respectively. Interesting results were observed that comparable total emergy of the ICE automobiles and electric automobiles have been calculated which were 1.54E + 17 and 2.20E + 17 sej, respectively. Analysis on emergy index evidenced a better environmental sustainability of electric automobiles than ICE automobiles over the life cycle due to its higher ESI. To the authors’ knowledge, it is the first time to integrate the analysis of GHG emissions together with emergy in industrial area of automobile engineering. It is expected that the integration of emergy and GHG emissions analysis may provide a comprehensive perspective on eco-industrial sustainability of automobile engineering.     

长三角城市群PM2.5时空变化和影响因素分析

为协调经济发展与环境污染之间的矛盾,实现经济社会的可持续发展.以长三角城市群为研究区,基于PM_2.5浓度和气象数据,分析PM_2.5浓度的时空变化规律,并利用小波相干（WTC）、偏小波相干（PWC）和多小波相干（MWC）,评估PM_2.5与气象因子在时频域中的多尺度耦合振荡.结果表明：①②③④⑥⑤⑦⑧⑨⑩长三角城市群PM_2.5浓度年均值由西北向东南梯度递减,高值区域空间范围逐年缩小.PM_2.5浓度季节均值与年均值的空间分布特征相似,并且具有冬季最高,夏季最低,春秋过渡的特点.② PM_2.5浓度从2015~2021年逐年下降,达标率逐年上升.PM_2.5浓度差异逐年缩小,具有动态收敛性特征.PM_2.5浓度在夏季的收敛性大于冬季.PM_2.5浓度日均值具有U型振荡特征,整个研究期间PM_2.5浓度等级为优和良的天数占比分别为49.72%和41.45%.③ PM_2.5与气象因子的相干性在不同时频域上存在差异.时频尺度不同,影响PM_2.5的主控因子也不尽相同.在所有时频尺度上,WTC结果表明风速可作为解释PM_2.5变化的最佳变量,PWC结果表明温度可作为解释PM_2.5变化的最佳变量.④时频尺度越大,多变量组合解释PM_2.5变化的相互作用越强,而温度和风速的协同作用可以更好地解释PM_2.5变化.结果可为长三角城市群空气污染防治提供参考.     

基于灰色理论的载息因子与加速试验寿命预测

提出了一种改进的加速试验方法,定义了陪试品和载息因子的概念.这两个概念利用产品在设计上的相似之处,将已有产品的寿命表现过程推到新产品上,从而得到新产品的预估寿命.在此方法中应用灰色系统理论解决了加速寿命试验这类只有几个温度点、少样本、贫信息的寿命预估问题.     

价值链管理在企业集团财务控制中应用的可行性分析

企业集团是现代社会中重要的经济组织形式,而财务控制在整个企业集团的管理控制中起着举足轻重的作用,但是传统的企业集团财务控制从理论到实践操作当中都存在着许多不可忽视的问题和缺陷.价值链管理作为一种全新的管理理论,无论从目标到特征还是控制模式都符合现代企业集团对企业集团财务控制的要求,所以能够很好的应用于企业集团的财务控制中,在企业集团财务控制中应用的可行性也就不言而寓了.     

Treatment of 2-phenylamino-3-methyl-6-di-n-butylaminofluoran production effluent by combination of biological treatments and Fenton’s oxidation

High strength refractory organic stream is produced during the production of 2-phenylamino-3-methyl-6-di-n-butylaminofluoran (One Dye Black 2,abbr.ODB 2),a novel heat-sensitive material with a promising market.In this study,a combination of acidification- precipitation,primary biological treatment,Fenton's oxidation and another biological treatment was successfully used for the removal of COD from 18000-25000 mg/L to below 200 mg/L from the ODB 2 production wastewater in a pilot experiment.A COD removal of 70%-80% was achieved by acidification-precipitation under a pH of 2.5-3.0.The first step biodegradation permitted an average COD removal of 70% under an hydraulic residence time (HRT) of 30 h.By batch tests,the optimum conditions of Fenton's oxidation were acquired as:Fe~(2 ) dose 6.0 mmol/L;H_2O_2 dose 3000 mg/L;and reaction time 6 h.The second step biological treatment could ensure an effluent COD below 200 mg/L under an HRT of 10 h following the Fenton's treatment.