曝气-过滤一体化装置脱氮除磷的研究

曝气-过滤一体化装置将生物反应器与过滤机理有机结合,较好地维持了反应器中的高污泥浓度,实现了水力停留时间（HRT）与污泥停留时间的分离。采用连续流间歇曝气工艺对该装置的脱氮除磷效果进行了研究。实验结果表明：在HRT为8h,运行方式为曝气2h、停曝2h的条件下,COD去除率为95．55％,NH3-N未检出,TN为84．90％,TP为93．69％,出水各项指标都达到了GB8978-1996（污水综合排放标准》一级排放标准要求。     

厌氧-缺氧-好氧系统中β-葡萄糖苷酶的活性研究

文章通过对厌氧-缺氧-好氧系统中β-葡萄糖苷酶活性的研究,了解其与生化参数的相互关系。研究表明,用β-葡萄糖苷酶活性可代替MLSS、MLVSS或VSS/SS来表征微生物的活性;系统中β-葡萄糖苷酶活性与COD关系密切,且随污泥负荷的增加而增大;β-葡萄糖苷酶活性与总有机碳去除的TOC的关系与COD相似。     

沙溪水环境综合整治与总量控制研究

闽江的综合整治,三大支流的污染控制是关键。本文通过对沙溪多年来现状监则数据进行数理统计,结合福建省闽江综合整治的精神,以及总量控制概念,对沙溪的综合整治和总量控制路线进行了初步研究。     

Enhanced adsorption of hexavalent chromium by a biochar derived from ramie biomass (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Boehmeria nivea</Emphasis> (L.) Gaud.) modified with β-cyclodextrin/poly(L-glutamic acid)

This paper explored biochar modification to enhance biochar’s ability to adsorb hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution. The ramie stem biomass was pyrolyzed and then treated by β-cyclodextrin/poly(L-glutamic acid) which contained plentiful functional groups. The pristine and modified biochar were characterized by FTIR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, specific surface area, and zeta potential measurement. Results indicated that the β-cyclodextrin/poly(L-glutamic acid) was successfully bound to the biochar surface. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the kinetics, isotherm, thermodynamics, and adsorption/desorption of Cr(VI). Adsorption capacities of CGA-biochar were significantly higher than that of the untreated biochar, and its maximum adsorption capacity could reach up to 197.21 mg/g at pH 2.0. Results also illustrated that sorption performance depended on initial solution pH; in addition, acidic condition was beneficial to the Cr(VI) uptake. Furthermore, the Cr(VI) uptake was significantly affected by the ion strength and cation species. This study demonstrated that CGA-biochar could be a potential adsorbent for Cr(VI) pollution control.     

内酯型双乙酰槐糖脂对肿瘤细胞K562的抑制作用

槐糖脂是一类由酵母菌产生的糖脂类生物表面活性剂.双乙酰化的内酯型槐糖脂具有很好的药物学活性,研究其抗肿瘤活性对于拓宽槐糖脂的应用领域具有重要意义.通过MTT法倒置相差显微镜观察、荧光染色、DNA电泳研究内酯型双乙酰槐糖脂对肿瘤细胞K562的抑制作用.结果显示:槐糖脂能够抑制肿瘤细胞K562的增殖,作用24 h和48 h,IC50值分别为31.70μg/m L和29.80μg/m L.细胞形态发生了明显的变化,细胞胀大,细胞膜破裂,细胞内容物外溢、细胞解体.细胞核出现收缩、碎裂和溶解.DNA发生随机断裂,电泳时出现弥散性涂抹状条带.本研究表明,内酯型双乙酰槐糖脂能够抑制肿瘤细胞K562的增殖,细胞坏死是抑制K562细胞增殖的主要原因.     

Transformation of phosphorus during drying and roasting of sewage sludge

Sewage sludge (SS), a by-product of wastewater treatment, consists of highly concentrated organic and inorganic pollutants, including phosphorus (P). In this study, P with different chemical fractions in SS under different drying and roasting temperatures was investigated with the use of appropriate standards, measurements, and testing protocol. The drying and roasting treatment of SS was conducted in a laboratory-scale furnace. Two types of SS samples under different treatment temperatures were analyzed by ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. These samples were dried by a vacuum freeze dryer at ?50 °C and a thermoelectric thermostat drying box at 105 °C. Results show that the inorganic P (IP) content increased as the organic P content decreased, and the bio-availability of P increased because IP is a form of phosphorous that can be directly absorbed by plants. ³¹P NMR analysis results indicate the change in P fractions at different temperatures. Non-apatite P was the dominant form of P under low-temperature drying and roasting, whereas apatite P was the major one under high-temperature drying and roasting. Results indicate that temperature affects the transformation of P.     

呼和浩特市地下水资源面临的问题与对策

通过对呼和浩特市地下水资源及利用情况的分析 ,认为呼和浩特市地下水资源处于超量开采状态 ,将对水环境系统构成破坏性影响。针对地下水资源利用中存在的问题 ,提出合理利用和保护对策     

城市的发展与火灾防治

随着经济的快速增长，火灾将会成为一个突出的灾害问题。作为经济发展中心的城市，火灾危险因素大大增加，因此，在城市的发展和改造过程中，应当同时抓好防火安全保障体系的建设，大力发展消防科技，并应加强防火安全教育，以便把火灾危害减少到最低限度