Gold mining in Siberia and the Far East as a source of mercury contamination of the environment

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＳｉｂｅｒｉａａｎｄｔｈｅＦａｒＥａｓｔａｒｅｔｈｅｏｌｄｅｓｔａｎｄｔｈｅｒｉｃｈｅｓｔｇｏｌｄ ｍｉｎｉｎｇａｒｅａｓｏｆＲｕｓｓｉａ .Ｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｖｅｇｏｌｄ ｍｉｎｉｎｇｈｅｒｅｓｔａｒｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｂｅｇｉｎｎｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅ 19ｔｈｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ(Ｖｙａｚｅｌｓｈｃｈｉｋｏｖ ,1963) .Ｆｏｒｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｐａｒｔｇｏｌｄ ｂｅａｒｉｎｇｏｒｅｓａｎｄｓａｎｄｓｗｅｒｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｕｓｅｏｆａｍａｌｇａｍａｔｉｏｎｍｅｔｈｏｄｆｏｒｇｏｌｄｅ…     

Quality assessment of groundwater from the south-eastern Arabian Peninsula

Assessment of groundwater quality plays a significant role in the utilization of the scarce water resources globally and especially in arid regions. The increasing abstraction together with man-made contamination and seawater intrusion have strongly affected groundwater quality in the Arabia Peninsula, exemplified by the investigation given here from the United Arab Emirates, where the groundwater is seldom reviewed and assessed. In the aim of assessing current groundwater quality, we here present a comparison of chemical data linked to aquifers types. The results reveal that most of the investigated groundwater is not suitable for drinking, household, and agricultural purposes following the WHO permissible limits. Aquifer composition and climate have vital control on the water quality, with the carbonate aquifers contain the least potable water compared to the ophiolites and Quaternary clastics. Seawater intrusion along coastal regions has deteriorated the water quality and the phenomenon may become more intensive with future warming climate and rising sea level.     

使用高分辨色质联机AUTOSPEC-ULTIMA NT分析二噁英及呋喃

“二噁英”是指具有相似化学结构和生物特征的一族化合物,分别属于三大类别:多氯代二苯并二噁英(PC-DDs),多氯代二苯并呋喃(PCDFs)以及多氯联苯(PCBs).     

用Autospec-Ultima NT气相色谱-高分辨质谱分析二噁英及相关的持久性有机污染物

“二噁英”是指一类化学结构和生物特征均有某些相似之处的化合物.这些有毒化合物有几百种,可分为相关的三大类:氯代二苯并-对-二噁英(CDDs),氯代二苯并呋喃(CDFs)和某些多氯代联苯(PCBs).CDDs和CDFs并非与生具有,而是由于人类活动不注意而生成的.天然过程也会产生CDDs和CDFs.     

稀有鮈鲫细胞凋亡相关基因的克隆及序列分析

细胞凋亡是调控机体发育和维护内环境稳定的重要机制。在克隆了稀有鮈鲫(Gobiocypris rarus)肝脏组织中凋亡相关的bcl-2、apaf-1、caspase-3和caspase-9基因的部分cDNA片段之后,进行了序列分析。结果表明,caspase-3和caspase-9基因片段与唐鱼(Tanichthys albonubes)相对应的核苷酸序列同源性最高,而bcl-2、apaf-1基因片段则分别与鮈鱼(Gobio gobio)和鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)相对应的核苷酸序列同源性最高,为99%和89%。基于稀有鮈鲫和已知物种的caspase-3基因核苷酸序列构建了系统发育树,发现稀有鮈鲫与唐鱼、斑马鱼(Danio rerio)的亲缘关系最近,而与金头鲷(Sparus aurata)、红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)的亲缘关系较远。本研究为深入理解外源性化学物质对鱼类的毒理学机制及其生态健康风险评价提供科学数据,同时也为稀有鮈鲫在鲤科鱼类的分类及进化地位的研究提供分子水平的重要参考。     

Behavior of dialifor, dimethoate, and methidathion in artificially fortified grape juice processed into wine.

Dialifor and methidathion were added to diluted "Zinfandel" grape concentrate at 25 ppm and dimethoate at 1.0 and 25 ppm prior to fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The finished wine 56 days later contained 10% (2.5 ppm) of the dialifor, 46% (12 ppm) of the methidathion and 85% (21 and 0.98 ppm) of the dimethoate added to the grape must. Residues in wine stored at 24 degrees C dissipated by hydrolysis; half-lives in wine were 7 days for dialifor and methidathion and 30 days for dimethoate. Residues were unchanged in wine in frozen storage for one year. Analysis of seven commercial wines for dimethoate indicated less than 0.03 ppm dimethoate was present; identity could not be confirmed by thin-layer chromatography at this level.