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51.
Kreangkrai Maneeintr Amr Henni Raphael O. Idem Paitoon Tontiwachwuthikul Andrew G.H. Wee 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2008,86(4):291
Densities, viscosities and refractive indices of 4-diethylamino-2-butanol + water mixtures were measured over the entire concentration range of 0–1 mole fraction and temperature range from 298.15 to 343.15 K. Excess molar volumes, viscosity deviations, and molar refraction changes were calculated from the measurement results and correlated as a function of the mole fractions. Various models were used for correlation with the measured data. Out of these, the Redlich–Kister equation was the most suitable model that correlated best with experimental data. The percent absolute deviations obtained with this model were 0.03% for density, 0.88% for viscosity and 0.009% for refractive index. 相似文献
52.
Long-Term Variability in Bioassessments: A Twenty-Year Study from Two Northern California Streams 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Long-term variability of bioassessments has not been well evaluated. We analyzed a 20-year data set (1984–2003) from four
sites in two northern California streams to examine the variability of bioassessment indices (two multivariate RIVPACS-type
O/E scores and one multimetric index of biotic integrity, IBI), as well as eight metrics. All sites were sampled in spring;
one site was also sampled in summer. Variability among years was high for most metrics (coefficients of variation, CVs ranging
from 16% to 246% in spring) but lower for indices (CVs of 22–26% for the IBI and 21–32% for O/E scores in spring), which resulted
in inconsistent assessments of biological condition. Variance components analysis showed that the time component explained
variability in all metrics and indices, ranging from 5% to 35% of total variance explained. The site component was large (i.e.,
>40%) for some metrics (e.g., EPT richness), but nearly absent from others (e.g., Diptera richness). Seasonal analysis at
one site showed that variability among seasons was small for some metrics or indices (e.g., Coleoptera richness), but large
for others (e.g., EPT richness, O/E scores). Climatic variables did not show consistent trends across all metrics, although
several were related to the El Ni?o Southern Oscillation Index at some sites. Bioassessments should incorporate temporal variability
during index calibration or include climatic variability as predictive variables to improve accuracy and precision. In addition,
these approaches may help managers anticipate alterations in reference streams caused by global climate change and high climatic
variability. 相似文献
53.
Raphael Mainiero Marian Kazda 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(10):2638-2644
Fine root dynamics (diameter < 1 mm) in mature Fagus sylvatica, with the canopies exposed to ambient or twice-ambient ozone concentrations, were investigated throughout 2004. The focus was on the seasonal timing and extent of fine root dynamics (growth, mortality) in relation to the soil environment (water content, temperature). Under ambient ozone concentrations, a significant relationship was found between fine root turnover and soil environmental changes indicating accelerated fine root turnover under favourable soil conditions. In contrast, under elevated ozone, this relationship vanished as the result of an altered temporal pattern of fine root growth. Fine root survival and turnover rate did not differ significantly between the different ozone regimes, although a delay in current-year fine root shedding was found under the elevated ozone concentrations. The data indicate that increasing tropospheric ozone levels can alter the timing of fine root turnover in mature F. sylvatica but do not affect the turnover rate. 相似文献
54.
Coelho Maria Paula Mancini Moreira-de-Sousa Cristina de Souza Raphael Bastão Ansoar-Rodríguez Yadira Silva-Zacarin Elaine Cristina Mathias Fontanetti Carmem Silvia 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(27):22007-22017
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Large amounts of residues generated by agricultural, urban and industrial activities are dumped daily on the soil. This practice deserves special... 相似文献
55.
Ecosystem Decay of Amazonian Forest Fragments: a 22-Year Investigation 总被引:49,自引:1,他引:49
56.
57.
Teeradet Supap Raphael Idem Paitoon Tontiwachwuthikul Chintana Saiwan 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2009,3(2):133-142
Studies of the kinetics of sulfur dioxide (SO2)- and oxygen (O2)-induced degradation of aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA) during the absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) from flue gases derived from coal- or natural gas-fired power plants were conducted as a function of temperature and the liquid phase concentrations of MEA, O2, SO2 and CO2. The kinetic data were based on the initial rate which shows the propensity for amine degradation and obtained under a range of conditions typical of the CO2 absorption process (3–7 kmol/m3 MEA, 6% O2, 0–196 ppm SO2, 0–0.55 CO2 loading, and 328–393 K temperature). The results showed that an increase in temperature and the concentrations of MEA, O2 and SO2 resulted in a higher MEA degradation rate. An increase in CO2 concentration gave the opposite effect. A semi-empirical model based on the initial rate, ?rMEA = {6.74 × 109 e?(29,403/RT)[MEA]0.02([O]2.91 + [SO2]3.52)}/{1 + 1.18[CO2]0.18} was developed to fit the experimental data. With the higher order of reaction, SO2 has a higher propensity to cause MEA to degrade than O2. Unlike previous models, this model shows an improvement in that any of the parameters (i.e. O2, SO2, and CO2) can be removed without affecting the usability of the model. 相似文献
58.
The climatically-relevant emission of CO2 which results from motor vehicle traffic offers a challenge for the automobile industry to produce highly efficient and economical motor vehicles. Furthermore, the production of fuels from regenerative energies may provide a more significant contribution over the long-term to make our mobility more compatible to the climate and to reduce our dependence on crude oil importation. Substantial reductions in emissions can be achieved through the application of regenerative fuels, especially in combination with more energy-efficient hybrid or fuel-cell vehicles, or through the addition of biogenic components to conventional fuels. Coordinated efforts between the automobile industry, the energy industries and the responsible politicians are mandatory in order to achieve ecologically-tolerable motor vehicle traffic. 相似文献
59.