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101.
Erika de Visser Chris Hendriks Maria Barrio Mona J. Mlnvik Gelein de Koeijer Stefan Liljemark Yann Le Gallo 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2008,2(4):478
In the carbon capture and storage (CCS) chain, transport and storage set different requirements for the composition of the gas stream mainly containing carbon dioxide (CO2). Currently, there is a lack of standards to define the required quality for CO2 pipelines. This study investigates and recommends likely maximum allowable concentrations of impurities in the CO2 for safe transportation in pipelines. The focus is on CO2 streams from pre-combustion processes. Among the issues addressed are safety and toxicity limits, compression work, hydrate formation, corrosion and free water formation, including the cross-effect of H2S and H2O and of H2O and CH4. 相似文献
102.
Raquel Barrena Xavier Font Xavier Gabarrell Antoni Sánchez 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(7):1109-1116
Stability is one of the most important properties of compost obtained from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes. This property is essential for the application of compost to land to avoid further field degradation and emissions of odors, among others. In this study, a massive characterization of compost samples from both home producers and industrial facilities is presented. Results are analyzed in terms of chemical and respiration characterizations, the latter representing the stability of the compost. Results are also analyzed in terms of statistical validation. The main conclusion from this work is that home composting, when properly conducted, can achieve excellent levels of stability, whereas industrial compost produced in the studied facilities can also present a high stability, although an important dispersion is found in these composts. The study also highlights the importance of respiration techniques to have a reliable characterization of compost quality, while the chemical characterization does not provide enough information to have a complete picture of a compost sample. 相似文献
103.
Rubiano ME Agulló-Barceló M Casas-Mangas R Jofre J Lucena F 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(4):1026-1032
Purpose
Need, coupled with advances in water treatment technology, is motivating a growing interest in augmenting drinking water supplies with reclaimed water. Using reclaimed water to increase the flow of the Llobregat River upstream the water catchment site of the complex multi-step drinking water treatment plant of Sant Joan Despí has been considered. The impact of reclaimed water discharges on the load of E. coli, spores of sulphite-reducing clostridia, somatic coliphages, cytopathogenic enteroviruses, and total and infectious Cryptosporidium oocysts in the Llobregat River water was assessed to gain information for funded decisions in potential future emergencies. 相似文献104.
Cruz JV Pacheco D Coutinho R Cymbron R Mendes S Antunes P Fontiela J Freire P 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2010,12(12):2216-2225
Chemical monitoring of water quality on a total of 16 rivers in the Azores archipelago (Portugal), since 2003, made it possible to identify the major pressures and spatial geochemical variations along main course of the rivers. River water pollution is to a large extent associated to point sources, namely domestic wastewater discharges, especially in urban areas, and diffuse sources, associated with pasture land, and explain the high values on BOD(5) and nutrients (P and N). Heavy metals and metalloids, as well as hydrocarbons and pesticides, are generally under the detection limits of the analytical methods. Generally, river water reflects pollution loads according to a simple model, derived from land use in the watershed: in the upper part conditions are pristine, in the intermediate portion of the basin pasture land dominates and near the coast urban discharges are increasingly important. Results stress the role that an approach based on the watershed scale, coupled with land use management measures, are crucial to water management procedures and a successful WFD implementation in small river basin districts like the Azores. The paper also shows the need for full compliance regarding EU directives on urban wastewater and nitrate pollution due to agriculture. 相似文献
105.
Raquel Duarte-Davidson Peter Clayton Peter Coleman Brian J. Davis Crispin J. Halsall Peter Harding-Jones Karl Pettit Mike J. Woodfield Kevin C. Jones 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1994,1(4):262-270
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) have been monitored in air and deposition at four UK urban sites (London, Cardiff, Manchester and Stevenage) since the beginning of 1991; data from the first 2 years are presented here. Median Σ2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/F concentrations in air were 3.2, 4.0, 3.5 and 2.6 pg/m3 respectively for London, Cardiff, Manchester and Stevenage. Median Σ2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/F deposition fluxes were 1.5 ng/m2/day in London, 1.4 ng/m2/day in Cardiff and Manchester and 0.79 ng/m2/day in Stevenage. Seasonal variations in the PCDD/F concentrations were observed at all sites for both air and deposition, with concentrations/fluxes generally elevated during the winter. 相似文献
106.
Tainá Elisa de Mello Lazarini Raquel Fernanda Milani 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2019,54(5):387-393
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the risk-benefit associated with canned sardine consumption, considering the selenium, the mercury and the methylmercury contents and the Se:Hg molar ratio and the Se-health benefit value (HBV) index. In this study, 63 canned sardine samples were purchased worldwide and for the determination of selenium and mercury species, the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and thermal decomposition and amalgamation atomic absorption spectrometry were employed. The mean results obtained for the Brazilian samples varied between 12.6 and 65.5?μg kg?1 for Hg; <3.7 and 45.4?μg kg?1 for methylmercury; 310 and 1370?μg kg?1 for Se. The MeHg/Hg ratio showed that the most toxic forms of Hg (MeHg) is predominant in 52 and 39% of the Brazilian samples conserved in tomato sauce and in oil, respectively. Nevertheless, the Se-HBV index and the Hg:Se and Se:Hg molar ratios indicated that the selenium content in canned sardine samples is enough to provide a protective effect on the Hg species. 相似文献
107.
Mark A. K. Gillespie Matthias Alfredsson Isabel C. Barrio Joe Bowden Peter Convey Stephen J. Coulson Lauren E. Culler Martin T. Dahl Kathryn M. Daly Seppo Koponen Sarah Loboda Yuri Marusik Jonas P. Sandstrm Derek S. Sikes Jozef Slowik Toke T. Hye 《Ambio》2020,49(3):704-717
The terrestrial chapter of the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Programme (CBMP) has the potential to bring international multi-taxon, long-term monitoring together, but detailed fundamental species information for Arctic arthropods lags far behind that for vertebrates and plants. In this paper, we demonstrate this major challenge to the CBMP by focussing on spiders (Order: Araneae) as an example group. We collate available circumpolar data on the distribution of spiders and highlight the current monitoring opportunities and identify the key knowledge gaps to address before monitoring can become efficient. We found spider data to be more complete than data for other taxa, but still variable in quality and availability between Arctic regions, highlighting the need for greater international co-operation for baseline studies and data sharing. There is also a dearth of long-term datasets for spiders and other arthropod groups from which to assess status and trends of biodiversity. Therefore, baseline studies should be conducted at all monitoring stations and we make recommendations for the development of the CBMP in relation to terrestrial arthropods more generally. 相似文献
108.
Stephen A. Norton Ivan J. Fernandez Jeffrey S. Kahl Raquel L. Reinhardt 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2004,4(2-3):289-310
The paired catchment study at the forested Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM) U.S.A. documents interactions among short- to long-term processes of acidification. In 1987–1989, runoff from the two catchments was nearly identical in quality and quantity. Ammonium sulfate has been added bi-monthly since 1989 to the West Bear catchment at 1800 eq ha-1 a-1; the East Bear reference catchment is responding to ambient conditions. Initially, the two catchments had nearly identical chemistry (e.g., Ca2+, Mg2+, SO4 2-, and alkalinity ≈82, 32, 100, and 5 μeq L-1, respectively). The manipulated catchment responded initially with increased export of base cations, lower pH and alkalinity, and increased dissolved Al,NO3 - and SO4 2-. Dissolved organic carbon and Si have remained relatively constant. After 7 yr of treatment, the chemical response of runoff switched to declining base cations, with the other analytes continuing their trends; the exports of dissolved and particulate Al, Fe, and P increased substantially as base cations declined. The reference catchment has slowly acidified under ambient conditions, caused by the base cation supply decreasing faster than the decrease of SO4 2, as pollution abates. Export of Al, Fe and, P is mimicking that of the manipulated watershed, but is lower in magnitude and lags in time. Probable increasing SO4 2- adsorption caused by acidification has moderated the longer-term trends of acidification of both watersheds. The trends of decreasing base cations were interrupted by the effects of several short-term events, including severe ice storm damage to the canopy, unusual snow pack conditions, snow melt and rain storms, and episodic input of marine aerosols. These episodic events alter alkalinity by5 to 15 μeq L-1 and make it more difficult to determine recovery from pollution abatement. 相似文献
109.
Venlafaxine hydrochloride is a structurally novel antidepressant. Its occurrence in surface waters and drinking water has only been reported in recent works. The aim of this work is to assess the acute and chronic sublethal toxicity of venlafaxine in relevant taxa of riparian ecosystems. We used the fern Polystichum setiferum during the critical life stage of development. Reliable biomarkers of cell viability (mitochondrial activity), plant physiology (chlorophyll), and growth (DNA content) were assessed as sensitive endpoints of toxicity. About DNA quantification, our results show that venlafaxine induces acute lethal phytotoxicity at 24 and 48 h (LOECs 1 μg L?1 and 0.1 μg L?1, respectively). At 24 h, hormetic effects in spores of P. setiferum mitochondrial activity mask lethality and adverse effects are observed (LOEC 1 μg L?1). At 48 h a reduction in the mitochondrial activity happens (LOEC 10 μg L?1). In chronic exposure of 1 week, LOEC for DNA is 0.1 μg L?1. Mitochondrial activity showed a strong hormetic stimulation of a surviving spore population (LOEC 10 μg L?1). Changes were not observed in chlorophyll autofluorescence. Environmental concentrations of venlafaxine can be deleterious for the development of significant populations of sensitive individuals in riparian ecosystems. 相似文献
110.
Arregui L Liébana R Rodríguez E Murciano A Conejero F Pérez-Uz B Serrano S 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2012,14(5):1444-1452
The quality of the sludge in Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) depends on the suitable colonization of the flocs by microorganisms. Due to the functional importance of these biological constituents, several biological or biological-related parameters have been commonly used for the control of depuration efficiency. According to national and international water regulation recommendations, interlaboratory studies have a great relevance to determine which parameters are more reliable for their extensive application in routine control. However, these studies are also very useful to demonstrate consistency in results from multiple laboratories and to develop reliable and reproducible methodologies which might be necessary for protocol validation and also for accreditation issues to meet regulatory environmental requirements. The main purpose of this work was to assess the results obtained in consecutive interlaboratory assays in order to determine the concordance degree in the application of biological parameters by participating laboratories. Following the international recommendations about these studies, a common working protocol was proposed. Statistical tests indicated that Sludge Index and several routine physical-chemical analyses [V30, Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS), Mixed Liquor Volatile Solids (MLVS) and Sludge Volumetric Index (SVI)] show low variability and therefore are suitable tools for laboratory control. Shannon Index and Sludge Biotic Index also presented low variability although a more precise protocol would be necessary, in particular the methodology to count small flagellates. The abundance and identification of protist species showed low concordance among laboratories and three factors were responsible for the low reliability of data: population density, size and morphological distinguishable characters of the specimens. 相似文献