恒液位推流式改良SBR工艺处理生活污水

通过对恒液位推流式改良SBR工艺处理生活污水工程应用的研究,结果表明:恒液位推流式改良SBR工艺在降低工程成本和减少设备量的同时能较好的去除污水中的污染物,具有良好的脱氮除磷效果,COD去除率可达85%~93%;TP的去除率可达84%;TN的去除率可达82%。     

Biofilm structure and its influence on clogging in drip irrigation emittersdistributing reclaimed wastewater

Using reclaimed wastewater for crop irrigation is a practical alternative to discharge wastewater treatment plant effluents into surface waters.However,biofouling has been identified as a major contributor to emitter clogging in drip irrigation systems distributing reclaimed wastewater.Little is known about the biofilm structure and its influence on clogging in the drip emitter flow path.This study was first to investigate the microbial characteristics of mature biofilms present in the emitters and the effect of flow path structures on the biofilm microbial communities.The analysis of biofilm matrix structure using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that particles in the matrix of the biofilm coupled extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and formed sediment in the emitter flow path.Analysis of biofilm mass including protein,polysaccharide and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) showed that emitter flow path style influenced biofilm community structure and diversity.The correlations of biofilm biomass and discharge reduction after 360 h irrigation were computed and suggest that PFLAs provide the best correlation coefficient.Comparatively,the emitter with the unsymmetrical dentate structure and shorter flow path (Emitter C) had the best anti-clogging capability.By optimizing the dentate structure,the internal flow pattern within the flow path could be enhanced as an important method to control the biofilm within emitter flow path.This study established electron microscope techniques and biochemical microbial analysis methods that may provide a framework for future emitter biofilm studies.     

珠江广州河段着生藻类的群落结构及其与水质的关系

于2007年6月、7月和9月,采用玻璃挂片法对珠江广州河段9个断面处着生藻类的分布状况进行了调查,同时测定了叶绿素a、总氮、总磷、溶解氧、pH等环境因子.本调查共观察到着生藻类35种,主要以丝状绿藻占据优势,其中毛枝藻是绝对优势种,其最高数量百分比达97.4%;而附着在绿藻藻体的一些硅藻,如异极藻、脆杆藻也是常见优势物种.着生藻类数量丰富,为3.16×104-3.06×106cells·cm-2;种类多样性较低,Shannon-Weaver种类多样性指数为0.15～2.68.从总氮和总磷含量来看,珠江广州河段水质为Ⅲ类至Ⅴ类之间.调查期间,2007年7月12日举行了广州市万人游珠江活动,由于活动期间采取的一些截污治理措施,6月、7月水质特别是广州市区河段水质有所好转;但活动过后,营养盐特别是总磷浓度迅速上升,叶绿素a含量和着生藻类数量急剧增加.研究结果说明,珠江广州河段水质能够得以改善,但需要采取持续而有效的措施防止水质的进一步恶化,才能保证珠江水资源的可持续发展.     

浅谈清洁生产在山东焦化行业中的应用

阐述了在焦化行业开展清洁生产的必要性,结合焦化企业开展清洁生产的实例,从废物最小化和资源化等方面概述了清洁生产技术在焦化行业中的应用;并以山东焦化企业为例论述如何做好清洁生产工作。     

青藏高原典型高寒草甸区土壤有机碳氮的变异特性

本研究应用地统计学的基本原理与方法(半方差分析)对青藏高原典型高寒草甸区0～10 cm土壤有机碳和全氮空间变异性进行了分析.结果表明,0～10 cm的土壤有机碳和全氮的平均含量分别为11.45 g·kg^-1和1.02 g·kg^-1,平均变异系数分别为0.23和0.21,反映出该植被区土壤肥力较为贫瘠.土壤有机碳和全氮随机因素的变异占总空间异质性变异的比率分别为44.7%和49.9%,变异尺度分别为210.9 m和200.1 m,随机因素的影响主要发生在采样尺度＜10 m的范围之内.在该研究区域上土壤有机碳和全氮均表现出空间自相关因素大于随机因素的变异格局;在空间结构的变异上,由土壤内在属性如土壤矿物质、地形等空间自相关因素和人为因素如放牧及工程施工等对土壤表层的践踏引起的随机因素共同起作用,影响程度呈中等水平.     

利用烧结脱硫灰制备胶凝材料的研究

研究了烧结烟气半干法脱硫灰复掺矿渣、钢渣,辅之外加剂,制备胶凝材料的可行性。结果表明,采用改性脱硫灰（GXTLH）、钢渣、矿渣及水泥熟料再混磨制备的复合胶凝材料,具有良好的安定性等水化性能和力学性能;当GXTLH 掺入量为20%、CFII 1.5%、减水剂0.5%及水泥熟料23%时,矿渣掺量在12%～44%、钢渣掺量11%～44%之间制备的胶凝材料初凝时间、终凝时间、力学性能满足GB13592-92《钢渣矿渣水泥标准》;矿渣与钢渣比、水泥熟料及外加剂等掺量一定,GXTLH掺量超过30%时,GXTLH胶凝材料的抗压抗折强度均有所下降。     

污染防治微生物制剂在城市河流污染控制中的应用及其生物安全

简要论述了污染防治微生物制剂的概念和在城市河流污染控制中的应用,并介绍了国外对微生物制剂的风险评估和对污染防治微生物制剂的管理方式,提出了国内应优先开发本土的天然的污染防治微生物制剂的建议,尽快发展中国环境微生物技术.     

Degradation of pyrene by immobilized microorganisms in saline-alkaline soil

Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is very difficult in saline-alkaline soil due to the inhibition of microbial growth under saline-alkaline stress. The microorganisms that can most effectively degrade PAHs were screened by introducing microorganisms immobilized on farm byproducts and assessing the validity of the immobilizing technique for PAHs degradation in pyrene-contaminated saline-alkaline soil. Among the microorganisms examined, it was found that Mycobacterium sp. B2 is the best, and can degrade 82.2% and 83.2% of pyrene for free and immobilized cells after 30 days of incubation. The immobilization technique could increase the degradation of pyrene significantly, especially for fungi. The degradation of pyrene by the immobilized microorganisms Mucor sp. F2, fungal consortium MF and co-cultures of MB+MF was increased by 161.7% (P < 0.05), 60.1% (P < 0.05) and 59.6% (P < 0.05) after 30 days, respectively, when compared with free F2, MF and MB+MF. Scanning electron micrographs of the immobilized microstructure proved the positive effects of the immobilized microbial technique on pyrene remediation in saline-alkaline soil, as the interspace of the carrier material structure was relatively large, providing enough space for cell growth. Co-cultures of different bacterial and fungal species showed different abilities to degrade PAHs. The present study suggests that Mycobacterium sp. B2 can be employed for in situ bioremediation of PAHs in saline-alkaline soil, and immobilization of fungi on farm byproducts and nutrients as carriers will enhance fungus PAH-degradation ability in saline-alkaline soil.