当代大学生艰苦奋斗精神教育探析

在新的历史时期,对大学生进行艰苦奋斗精神的教育,是加强大学生思想道德建设的一项重要内容.本文通过对当代大学生艰苦奋斗精神弱化的主要表现,以及艰苦奋斗精神缺失原因的分析,指出加强当代大学生艰苦奋斗精神教育的对策,即着眼时代精神和现实意义,充实和改进艰苦奋斗教育的内容形式;加强主体性教育,增强学生自我教育和管理的能力;充分发挥校园文化的导向功能,积极营造崇尚节俭、鼓励奋斗的浓厚氛围.     

Spatial Dynamics of Soil Moisture in a Complex Terrain in the Semi‐Arid Loess Plateau Region,China1

Abstract: Soil moisture is an important hydrological variable in reforestation practices in a water‐limited region of the Loess Plateau of northwestern China. The objective of this study was to quantify the spatial dynamics of soil moisture on a complex terrain. During 2004‐2006, a total of 313 sample points in two kinds of grid (2 × 2 m and 20 × 20 m) were arranged for soil moisture measurements (two soil layers: 0‐30 and 30‐60 cm) with Time Domain Reflectometry. The geostatistical properties of soil moisture patterns, the variance and correlation structure of the soil moisture, and the effects of terrain factors on soil moisture were analyzed. The results suggested that our sampling grid captured the spatial variability of soil moisture distributions for this complex terrain. Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis statistics showed that soil moisture decreased as slope gradient increased; that sunny aspects (112.5°‐292.5°) had relatively lower soil moisture than did shady aspects (292.5°‐112.5°); that soil moisture was lowest in the SWW direction and highest in the NWN direction; and that hillslope aspect was the main factor affecting soil moisture in the 0‐ to 30‐cm soil layer, whereas the main factor for the 30‐ to 60‐cm layer was slope gradient. It was found that the relative values of soil moisture for steep slopes (>36%) with shady aspect (292.5°‐112.5°), gentle slopes (<36%) with sunny aspect (112.5°‐292.5°), and steep slopes with sunny aspect were 99, 82, and 80, respectively – assuming a soil moisture value of 100 for gentle slopes with shady aspect. The results of this study are expected to be relevant to and useful for reforestation planning and design, parameterization of distributed hydrology models, and land productivity assessment in the study region.     

Historical distribution of lynx (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lynx lynx</Emphasis>) in Northeast China on the basis of historical records

Long-term dynamics of population decline can improve the conservation perspectives and strategies for endanger species. In China, new gazetteers having systematic compilation and wide geographical coverage can be considered as an important complementary for reconstruction historical distribution. For historical and cultural reasons, an endangered species–lynx (Lynx lynx) was recorded regularly in new gazetteers. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to evaluate the population distribution in Northeast China from the 1950s to 2014. The data show that Felis lynx was widely distributed in Northeast China in the 1950s, but the number of the occurrence records have been significantly reduced by 85.6% in the last 60 years. This research also enlightens us that the new gazetteers can contribute to data shortage and it would be helpful to conservation biology.     

秦皇岛地区地热资源开发利用方向

在研究大量地热地质资料的基础上,发现秦皇岛地区存在以断裂构造活动为主要特征的地下热水,区内地下热水的赋存受区域构造、断裂活动、盖层等因素的影响。根据地热资源分布及热储特征,提出秦皇岛地区地热资源开发利用可优先考虑的方向:抚宁县温泉堡、北戴河机场、卢龙县刘田各庄乡赵官庄、黄金海岸及北戴河新城七里海团组。     

Effect of temperature switchover on the degradation of antibiotic chloramphenicol by biocathode bioelectrochemical system

Exposure to chloramphenicol(CAP),a chlorinated nitroaromatic antibiotic,can induce CAP-resistant bacteria/genes in diverse environments. A biocathode bioelectrochemical system(BES) was applied to reduce CAP under switched operational temperatures.When switching from 25 to 10°C,the CAP reduction rate(kCAP) and the maximum amount of the dechlorinated reduced amine product(AMCl,with no antibacterial activity) by the biocathode communities were both markedly decreased. The acetate and ethanol yield from cathodophilic microbial glucose fermentation(with release of electrons) was also reduced. Formation of the product AMCl was enhanced by the biocathode dechloridation reaction compared with that produced from pure electrochemical or microbial dechloridation processes. The electrochemical and morphological analyses of cathode biofilms demonstrated that some cathodophilic microbes could adapt to low temperature and play a key role in CAP degradation. The resilient biocathode BES has a potential for the treatment of CAP-containing wastewater in temperature fluctuating environments.     

地表水中全氟有机化合物污染现状及其危害研究进展

全氟有机化合物(PFCs)是一类人为产生的污染物,被广泛应用于化工生产领域,目前已有大量的PFCs进入地表水环境,在国内外各大河流、湖泊、海洋均有检出。人体对PFCs的暴露途径主要通过饮用水、饮食和空气/灰尘等方式摄入。综述了地表水中PFCs的来源、污染现状、人体暴露途径及潜在危害,以期为我国地表水环境中PFCs的环境监测和生物安全性研究工作提供参考。     

天然水中NO2-和NO3-的毛细管电泳分离测定

在ｐＨ８．２硼酸缓冲液中,用高效毛细管电泳分离硝酸根,硝酸根,并用内标地直接检测了矿泉水,井水中的ＮＯ＾－２,ＮＯ＾－３,以ＣＴＡＢ为电渗流改性剂,离子迁移时间相对标准偏差小于１．５％;二甲亚砜夜为内标,样品对内标的峰高比重现性较好。     

Preparation and characterization of a lipoid adsorption material and its atrazine removal performance

A novel adsorbent named lipoid adsorption material (LAM), with a hydrophobic nucleolus (triolein) and a hydrophilic membrane structure (polyamide), was synthesized to remove hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) from solution. Triolein, a type of lipoid, was entrapped by the polyamide membrane through an interfacial polymerization reaction. The method of preparation and the structure of the LAM were investigated and subsequent experiments were conducted to determine the characteristics of atrazine (a type of HOC) removal from wastewater using LAM as the adsorbent. The results showed that LAM had a regular structure compared with the prepolymer, where compact particles were linked with each other and openings were present in the structure of the LAM in which the fat drops formed from triolein were entrapped. In contrast to the atrazine adsorption behavior of powdered activated carbon (PAC), LAM showed a persistent adsorption capacity for atrazine when initial concentrations of 0.57, 1.12, 8.31 and 19.01 mg/L were present, and the equilibrium time was 12 hr. Using an 8 mg/L initial concentration of atrazine as an indicator of HOCs in aqueous solution, experiments on the adsorption capacity of the LAM showed 69.3% removal within 6–12 hr contact time, which was close to the 75.5% removal of atrazine by PAC. Results indicated that LAM has two atrazine removal mechanisms, namely the bioaccumulation of atrazine by the nucleous material and physical adsorption to the LAM membrane. Bioaccumulation was the main removal mechanism.     

官厅水库水中阿特拉津残留的分析及污染来源

利用固相萃取-高效液相-质谱联用方法直接分析饮用水中超痕量的内分泌干扰剂阿特拉津.仅用10～50ml水样,只需40min就可完成联机分析,检测限为10ng/L.在官厅水库水中检测出痕量污染物阿特拉津残留,浓度为0.67～3.9μg/L,并对其污染的来源进行了调查,认为水库上游洋河边的一家生产阿特拉津的农药厂为污染的主要来源.     

土壤重金属对白菜种子发芽与根伸长抑制的生态毒性效应

测定了水溶液和4种土壤(红壤、草甸棕壤、暗棕壤和栗钙土)条件下,铜、锌、铅、镉单一污染对白菜种子发芽与根伸长的抑制率,以及暗棕壤条件下重金属的复合污染效应.结果表明,同一浓度下,重金属对白菜根伸长抑制率均明显大于对种子发芽抑制率.重金属在土壤中对白菜根伸长抑制效应明显低于其在水体中的抑制效应, 这表明土壤对重金属污染有重要的缓冲作用.铜、锌、铅、镉污染对白菜根伸长抑制率与土壤有机质和土壤氮含量显著负相关;但与土壤pH和土壤钾含量的相关性不显著.铜、锌、铅、镉单一污染对白菜根伸长为刺激作用浓度下,复合污染即产生明显的协同作用,其结果使白菜根伸长的抑制效应阈值明显降低.