污染防治微生物制剂在城市河流污染控制中的应用及其生物安全

简要论述了污染防治微生物制剂的概念和在城市河流污染控制中的应用,并介绍了国外对微生物制剂的风险评估和对污染防治微生物制剂的管理方式,提出了国内应优先开发本土的天然的污染防治微生物制剂的建议,尽快发展中国环境微生物技术.     

利用烧结脱硫灰制备胶凝材料的研究

研究了烧结烟气半干法脱硫灰复掺矿渣、钢渣,辅之外加剂,制备胶凝材料的可行性。结果表明,采用改性脱硫灰（GXTLH）、钢渣、矿渣及水泥熟料再混磨制备的复合胶凝材料,具有良好的安定性等水化性能和力学性能;当GXTLH 掺入量为20%、CFII 1.5%、减水剂0.5%及水泥熟料23%时,矿渣掺量在12%～44%、钢渣掺量11%～44%之间制备的胶凝材料初凝时间、终凝时间、力学性能满足GB13592-92《钢渣矿渣水泥标准》;矿渣与钢渣比、水泥熟料及外加剂等掺量一定,GXTLH掺量超过30%时,GXTLH胶凝材料的抗压抗折强度均有所下降。     

NaCl和KCl对厌氧污泥抑制的动力学研究

在厌氧颗粒污泥和厌氧絮状污泥系统中,进行盐质量浓度(NaCl或KCl质量浓度,下同)对厌氧污泥抑制动力学的研究,得到不同拟合的COD降解动力学方程及参数.实验结果表明:当盐质量浓度为10～30 g/L时,KCl对厌氧污泥的COD比降解速率的抑制程度大于NaCl;当盐质量浓度由0 g/L增至10 g/L时,半速率常数逐渐增加;当盐质量浓度由10 g/L增至30 g/L时,半速率常数逐渐减小;在厌氧污泥系统中,NaCl抑制作用下的盐抑制常数高于KCl,且颗粒污泥的盐抑制常数高于絮状污泥.     

Study on Biodegradable Starch/OMMT Nanocomposites for Packaging Applications

The thermoplastic starch (TPS) and nanocomposite(TPS/OMMT) was prepared with 15% carbamide, 15% ethanolamine and different contents of organic activated montmorillonite (OMMT) by twin-screw extruder with a 130 °C barrel temperature. Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy and wide angle X-ray diffraction shown that the alkylamine in dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium bromide could react with MMT via cation exchange reaction. After treated, the d(001)space distance of MMT increased from 1.5 to 1.7 nm. Scanning electron microscope revealed that the lower contents of OMMT could disperse well in the matrixes of TPS. The carbamide, ethanolamine and the OMMT could destroy the crystallization behavior of starch, but only the OMMT restrained this behavior for long-term storing. Mechanical properties investigation indicated that the tensile strength and modulus of TPS/OMMT nanocomposites were better than those of TPS, while the elongation at break was descended with the increasing of OMMT contents. When the content of OMMT was 4%, the tensile strength and modulus of TPS was improved from 4.2 and 42 MPa to 6.0 and 76 MPa, respectively.     

Spatial variation and toxicity assessment for heavy metals in sediments of intertidal zone in a typical subtropical estuary (Min River) of China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Sediment samples were collected in five marshes (C1, Phragmites australis marsh; C2, P. australis and Cyperus malaccensis marsh; C3, C. malaccensis...     

城市污水雌激素活性研究进展——毒性评估、致毒物解析及毒性削减

城市污水成分复杂,含有多种有毒有害物质,使其能对生物体产生各种不良生物效应,其中,内分泌干扰物,尤其是雌激素类物质以及具有雌激素活性的污染物,因能影响生物的生殖系统并造成受纳水体鱼类性别转变等危害而备受关注,城市污水的雌激素活性也一直是污水处理领域的研究热点.当前,城市污水回用是缓解全球水资源危机的重要途径之一,在此背...     

Effects of intercropping with floricultural accumulator plants on cadmium accumulation in grapevine

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) intercropping with floricultural cadmium (Cd) accumulator plants (Helianthus annuus L., Cosmos sulphureus Cav., Cosmos...     

Assessment of soil lead exposure in children in Shenyang, China

Soil lead pollution is serious in Shenyang, China. The paper brings together the soil work, the bioaccessibility, and the blood lead data to assess the soil lead exposure in children in Shenyang, China. Approximately 15.25% of the samples were above China Environment Protection Agency guideline concentration for soil Pb to protect human from health risk (350 mgkg(-1)). Pb concentrations varied among use scenarios. The main lead contamination sources are industry emission and automobile exhaust. Bioaccessibility also varied among use scenarios. Children, who ingested soil from industrial area, public parks, kindergarten playground, and commercial area, are more susceptible to soil lead toxicity. The industrial area soil samples presented higher bioaccessibility compared to the other use scenario soil samples contaminated by automobile exhaust. The result also suggested a most significant linear relationship between the level of Pb contamination and the amount of Pb mobilized from soil into ingestion juice. Soil pH seemed to have insignificant influence on bioaccessibility in the present study. Bioaccessibility was mainly controlled by other factors that are not investigated in this study. A linear relationship between children blood lead and soil intestinal bioaccessibility was present in the study. Children who are 4-5 years old are more likely to demonstrate the significant relationship between soil lead bioaccessibility and blood lead as their behaviors place them at greatest risk of soil lead toxicity, and their blood lead levels are more likely to represent recent exposure.     

填闲作物防治菜田土壤硝酸盐污染的研究进展

探讨了通过调整蔬菜生产的轮作结构 ,运用生物修复的原理 ,引入适宜的深根系填闲作物对深层土壤硝酸盐吸收利用 ,以避免硝酸盐进一步淋失 ,提高氮素的利用率的可行性。填闲作物应选择生长迅速、生物量大、氮素累积能力强的作物 ,在考虑填闲作物防治硝酸盐淋溶的同时 ,要兼顾其经济利用价值 ,并指出结合深根系的填闲作物进行合理轮作是蔬菜安全生产及可持续发展的途径之一     

厌氧+跌水曝气+人工湿地组合工艺处理农村生活污水

为研发适用于我国农村的分散式污水处理装置,采用厌氧+跌水曝气+人工湿地组合工艺对农村生活污水进行处理,考察组合工艺对COD、TN、TP、NH4+-N、SS 5个常规指标的去除效果及对各指标的沿程去除情况。结果表明,组合工艺对COD、TN、TP、NH4+-N和SS的平均去除率分别为74.5%、57.2%、59.5%、59.00%和91.6%。人工湿地对COD、TN、TP和NH4+-N的去除率最大,分别为31.0%、36.7%、43.9%和30.0%;而厌氧反应池对SS去除贡献率最大,为40.3%。该组合工艺处理农村生活污水具有良好的处理效果,且装置运行能耗低,利于推广应用。