粉煤灰去除地下水中Cr(Ⅵ)的试验研究

为了去除孔隙地下水中的污染组分Cr(Ⅵ),我们取工业废弃物--粉煤灰为实验介质,在不改变原水状况的条件下,通过室内试验对比了粉煤灰和活化后粉煤灰的处理效果,并分析讨论了其去除机理.确定活化粉煤灰处理地下水的最佳运行参数:介质与污染组分的重量比为260 000∶1,反应时间为40 min.结果表明,处理后水中Cr(Ⅵ)达到地下水质量标准的Ⅲ类标准,为今后的水质处理工程奠定了基础.     

马尔科夫链在环境质量预测中的应用

鉴于目前环境质量预测在理论方法和实践经验上的缺乏,把马尔科夫链引入环境质量的预测中,将各种污染物的浓度变化过程视作马尔科夫过程,通过预测各种污染物的污染负荷系数来推知其浓度值。实例中通过多元回归分析计算出马尔科夫转移矩阵,以2005年辽宁省5种大气污染物的污染负荷系数作为初始向量,预测了今后5年的变化。然后利用GM(1,1)模型预测出降尘的具体浓度值,由此计算出了2006-2010年辽宁省5种污染物的浓度值。     

钴磷合金催化剂的制备及其催化分解磷化氢的研究

采用诱导化学沉积法制备系列Co-P合金,并将其引入PH3的分解试验.结果表明,所有样品均具有在较低温度下催化分解PH3的性能,且测定的表观催化反应温度随合金中磷质量分数的升高而降低,当磷的质量分数≥7.7%时,表观催化反应温度＜450 ℃.选取Co86.3P13.7样品进行催化分解PH3气体的研究表明,实验条件下,PH3分解率随催化反应温度的升高呈现先增后减的趋势,但随总通气流量QPH3 QN2或通气量比QN2∶QPH3的增大而降低.控制催化反应温度为470 ℃、PH3进气流量QPH3=4～6 mL/min、通气比QN2∶QPH3=33～35时,催化剂可发挥最佳的催化性能,此时PH3的分解率达95%以上.对Co86.3P13.7不同处理温度下的X射线衍射(XRD)表征分析表明,样品在催化反应温度下发生晶化,有磷化物Co2P析出,但催化反应测试温度范围内晶化后的催化剂基本保持稳定.     

Technical aid for hydraulics research in developing nations

Many water-related problems are shared by most of the developing countries and the industrialized nations could be in position of offering aid in such problems. Water scarcity and access to safe water, water pollution, severe storms and floods, droughts, waterborne diseases and landslides and mud floods are the most commonly shared problems among developing nations. These problems were discussed in a workshop organized as part of the Fifth International Symposium on Environmental Hydraulics in 2008. The discussion included identification of actors both in the developing and developed nations (vgr. local and national governments, NGOs, universities, foundations and private and public research institutions), aid modalities such as education, technology transfer, technology development and direct investment as well as restrictions and barriers in the form of political and legal issues, economic limitations, cultural differences and geographic distances. Recommendations about how developed nations could help developing countries are issued.     

产品结构造型设计的可回收性分析

可回收性设计作为绿色设计的核心内容之一,是一种再生设计。以产品的可回收性为切入点,着重分析产品的回收成本与回收价值、回收结构造型的设计特点以及回收设计的时机周期,为优化产品的结构造型设计,提升产品的回收价值提供支持。     

The circular economy in China

This article makes an attempt to answer the three questions of why China is devoting its full effort to promoting a circular economy, what a circular economy is, and how to implement a circular economy in China. The evolutionary process of a circular economy in China, from introduction of the concept and the relevant actions of national decision making to demonstration of the system nationwide, has taken only around 6 years, with strong encouragement from politicians and the urgent need to cope with environmental pollution and a severe shortage of natural resources. The circular economy in China is now being actively implemented at three levels: enterprises, eco-industrial parks, and regions. The consolidated theoretical bases of ecology and economics have helped the circular economy to define its position as a new economic model to effectively resolve the problems of resources and the environment. In this regard, material flow management is naturally a unique planning and management method for implementation of a circular economy, and eco-efficiency is a good indicator to measure circular economic activities. Of particular significance has been initiation of the legislative process for the Circular Economy Law, which is among a number of initiatives developing core policies for a circular economy in China. Stringent enforcement of a set of policies for energy saving and pollution abatement nowadays in China will certainly create an enabling environment for the development of a circular economy.     

核电厂运行人员可靠性研究中若干问题的分析

对已有人因可靠性分析模型进行归纳总结,结合核电厂运行人员可靠性研究实际,对人因分类、人因建模、数据采样及人因数据库完善等方面存在的问题进行分析,并提出可能的解决办法或研究方向:在人因分类方式上,要加强因素之间的细化程度,以降低评价的模糊性;在人因量化方面,要重点考虑其所依赖的HRA模型、数学依据、结果精确度等3个方面的影响;对待数据采集的问题,规范性数据采集平台的构建是确保数据一致性的关键措施,并有利于不同HRA模型之间接口相容性问题的解决;人因数据库管理系统的智能决策功能是研发设计的趋势。     

重庆市建筑业高处坠落事故调查分析

本文以通过重庆市安全生产监督管理局收集的建筑业事故调查表为基础,对其中43起建筑业高空坠落事故发生的部位、工种、伤亡人员情况以及事故原因进行了调查统计分析。通过调查分析发现,建筑业高处坠落事故主要发生在“四口、五临边”和脚手架操作平台;伤亡人员以30~40岁之间的农民工居多,大都从事普工作业;在事故原因方面,安全管理、安全教育等间接原因略高于直接原因。这说明目前建筑业在对农民工的安全管理、安全教育等方面还存在一定的问题。     

安钢90 m2烧结机尾除尘工艺设计特点

介绍了安钢90 m2烧结机尾除尘工艺设计中的设备选型、系统配置、管网阻力平衡的特点及应注意的几个问题.