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761.
The floc morphology was investigated in a continuous-flow reactor, in order to understand the evolution of flocs in practical flocculation and sedimentation processes in water utilities. Kaolin-humic acid suspension was used as the test water, and polyaluminum chloride was chosen as the coagulant. An in-situ recognition system was applied to analyze the floc size, boundary fractal dimension, and eccentricity ratios. Particle numbers and turbidity were also determined in the sedimentation stage. At a coagulant dose of 1 mg/L as Al, the average floc size increased from 62 to 78 μm and the boundary fractal dimension was around 1.14, suggesting that flocs were compact and continuously grew during the entire flocculation process. However, with the dose increased to 5 mg/L, the average floc size decreased and stabilized at around 65 μm, with the fractal dimension of 1.20. It can be concluded that the excess coagulant doses resulted in the formation of chain-shaped, lower density, and more branched structure flocs, thereby restricting flocs' further growth in the subsequent flocculation. Floc morphology analysis suggested that charge neutralization dominated in the initial flocculation stage, then the bridge and sweep mechanisms were dominant in the subsequent flocculation. In addition, compared with the traditional inclined plate settler, a novel V-shaped plate settler introduced in this study had an advantage in small size floc(less than 5 μm) removal. The V-shaped region could promote aggregate restructuring and re-flocculation; therefore, the V-shaped plate settler provides an alternative method for sedimentation. 相似文献
762.
763.
山西省是矿产资源大省,特别是煤炭资源丰富、开采量大,然而,在矿产资源开采的同时,也带来了一系列的生态环境问题.构建矿山生态环境生态补偿机制,有效推进矿山生态修复与治理是提升矿山生态环境的重要方式.研究在了解生态补偿理论基础上,提出了山西省矿山生态环境补偿体系,明确了补偿的主体、客体和主要形式,并提出治理责任机制、多渠道融资机制等保障机制,期望为环境管理部门推进矿山生态补偿工作奠定理论基础. 相似文献
764.
典型案例地下水污染模拟预测评估 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对典型案例地下水污染模拟预测评估,可以选取中国东北部某典型工业污染源,应用地下水有限差分软件Visual Modflow,在地下水水均衡计算的基础上,结合气象、地质、水文、水质等资料,建立了典型工业污染源地下水水流水质预测模型.研究了地下水运动规律及水中污染物迁移转化规律,预测出未来两年内的地下水流及水质变化情况,为当地政府提出地下水污染防治对策和措施提供了理论依据.这样可以利用中国东北部某典型工业污染源,为地下水的保护提供保障. 相似文献
765.
Water resource management traditionally depends on use of highly complex hydrological models designed originally to manage
water for abstraction but increasingly relied on to determine ecological impacts and test ecological rehabilitation opportunities.
These models are rarely independently tested. We compared a relatively simple statistical model, integrated flow and flood
modelling (IFFM), with a complex hydrological model, the integrated quality and quantity model (IQQM), on the highly regulated
Macquarie River of the Murray-Darling Basin, southeastern Australia. We compared annual flows (1891–2007) at three gauges
to actual data and modelled output: before dams and diversions (unregulated) and after river regulation (regulated), using
the goodness of fit (Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency) and nonparametric tests. IQQM underestimated impacts of river
regulation respectively on median and average flows at the Macquarie Marshes (Oxley gauge) by about 10% and 16%, compared
to IFFM. IFFM model output more closely matched actual unregulated and regulated flows than IQQM which tended to underestimate
unregulated flows and overestimate regulated flows at the Ramsar-listed wetland. Output was reasonably similar for the two
models at the other two flow gauges. Relatively simple statistical models could more reliably estimate ecological impact at
floodplains of large river systems, as well as an independent assessment tool compared to complex hydrological models. Finally,
such statistical models may be valuable for predicting ecological responses to environmental flows, given their simplicity
and relative ease to run. 相似文献
766.
Narran Lakes is a Ramsar site recognised for its importance for colonial waterbird breeding, which only occurs after large
highly variable flooding events. In 2008, 74,095 pairs of ibis bred for the first time in seven years, establishing two contiguous
colonies, a month apart. Most (97%) of the colony consisted of the straw-necked ibis (Threskiornis spinicollis) with the remainder consisting of glossy ibis (2%, Plegadis falcinellus) and Australian white ibis (1%, T. molucca). Following cessation of river flows, water levels fell rapidly in the colony site, resulting in a crisis management decision
by governments to purchase and deliver water (10,423 Ml) to avert mass desertion of the colonies. There were significant differences
in the reproductive success of each colony. In colony 1 60% of eggs hatched and 94% of chicks fledged, while in colony 2 40%
of eggs hatched with only 17% of chicks fledging. Statistical analyses found that water depth was a significant variable in
determining reproductive success. Rapid falls in water level during the chick stage in colony 2 resulted in decreased chick
and overall offspring success. The results of this study identify the impact of upstream water resource development on colonial
waterbird breeding and have implications for water management policies. 相似文献
767.
采煤沉陷已成为煤矿区危害范围最广、影响程度最大、延续时间最长的一种工程地质灾害,在对赵各庄煤矿矿山地质环境调查的基础上,分析采空沉陷区对土地资源影响特征,并预测采空沉陷区土地资源影响和破坏发展趋势,指出了沉陷区土地复垦规划原则,提出了合理的复垦建议。 相似文献
768.
In the process of mining activity, many kinds of heavy metals enter into soils with dust, causing serious contamination to the environment. In this study, six soils were sampled from cropland at different distances from a lead/zinc mine in Heilongjiang Province, China. The total contents of lead and zinc in the vicinal cropland exceeded the third level of environmental quality standard for soil in China, which indicated that soils in this area were moderately contaminated. Bacterial community diversity and population were greatly decreased when the concentrations of lead and zinc were beyond 1,500 and 995 mg kg(-1), respectively, as analyzed by plate counting and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). The bands of DGGE patterns varied with the degree of contamination. The activities of soil urease, phosphatase, and dehydrogenase were negatively correlated with the concentrations of lead and zinc. The highest inhibitory effect of heavy metals on soil enzyme activities was observed in urease. It was noted that PCR-DGGE patterns combined with soil enzyme activity analysis can be indices for the soil quality assessment by heavy metal contamination. 相似文献
769.
Zhang W Wei C Feng C Yu Z Ren M Yan B Peng P Fu J 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(12):3429-3436
Nineteen soil samples were collected in and around Songshan coking plant in Guangdong province of China and analyzed for eighteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The total concentration of PAHs ranged from 2.36 to 1146.39 mg kg(-1) dry weight, varying significantly among the sampling sites, most individual PAHs were correlated with each other. A cluster analysis was performed to examine the correlation of PAH distribution, five groups were observed with sample types in the coking plant. 2-3 ring PAHs were predominant in group I and II, while 4-5 ring PAHs showed great abundance in group III, IV and V, which contributed to the distance from the emission sources in the coking plant and the behaviors of particle-bound and gaseous PAHs. The ratios of Flu?:?(Flu + Pyr), BaA?:?(BaA + Chr), InP?:?(InP + BgP) and Ant?:?(Ant + Phen) ratios were 0.51-0.87, 0.16-0.89, 0.47-0.68 and 0.03-0.60, respectively. The total index of all studied soils was > 6, indicating that the source of the PAHs in coking plant soils were from the pyrolysis processes. Health risk assessments were carried out by dermal PAH exposure data to quantify cancer risk. The resultant lifetime exposure levels due to TEQ(BaP) desorbed onto skin for workers ranged from 2.25 × 10(-7) to 7.86 × 10(-5) mg kg(-1) per day, and the estimated cancer risks were between 8.45 × 10(-6) and 2.94 × 10(-3), indicating that the dermal exposures of PAHs to coking workers might be acceptable in most soil sites. 相似文献
770.
Chen Zailin Huang Yi Cheng Xin Ni Shijun Wang Jinjin Ren Bangzheng Yu Qiulian 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(2):1850-1865
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - We attempt to understand the pollution characteristics and carcinogenic risk of toxic elements around Hutou Village, Xuanwei City, Yunnan Province,... 相似文献