混合重金属对硝化颗粒污泥毒性作用的析因实验研究

分别测定了Cu2 、Zn2 和Cd2 对硝化颗粒污泥的单一毒性,采用析因实验研究了二元和三元重金属混合体系对硝化颗粒污泥的联合毒性.结果表明,Cu2 、Zn2 和Cd2 的2 h半抑制浓度EC50分别为95.23、62.11和12.48 mg/L,由析因实验所得的响应曲面模型具有较好的优度(其R2＞0.95),能够对混合体系的联合毒性很好地进行预测,析因实验可以用于环境领域混合体系联合毒性的研究.     

用于青霉素废水处理的高效菌株的分离及特性研究

从某制药厂污水处理站的活性污泥中筛选出两株能以青霉素废水中有机物为惟一碳源和能源的高效降解菌k1和k2。通过形态及生理生化特征分析,初步鉴定2株菌为芽孢菌,其中k2为短小芽孢杆菌（bacillus pumilus）。2株菌的最适pH值分别为8和7,温度均为35℃,当废水含量50%时,菌株k1和k2对青霉素废水的COD去除率分别为79%和81%。单菌株与混合菌株对废水的降解特性试验表明,前48 h混菌对废水的去除率不及单菌株,而48 h后混合菌株去除率高于单菌株,60 h时达到最高为85%。     

遥感技术在现代环境监测与环境保护中的应用

现代环境监测已经发展到环境质量监测为主的整体预防性监测,全球环境保护的国际性、跨学科及综合性性质,使得包括遥感在内的“3S”技术在区域环境质量监测和全球性的重大环境问题研究方面广泛应用。本文介绍了遥感技术在全球气候监测、水环境监测和大气污染监测等方面的应用实例,指出遥感技术应与地面监测紧密结合,进一步加强对环境资源的动态监测。     

北京市铁路站场大气颗粒物的特征与来源分析

利用扫描电镜-X射线能谱(SEM-EDX)技术对北京市铁路站场采集的颗粒物的形貌和化学组分进行分析,并利用富集因子法及元素相关性对颗粒物中的各元素来源进行判别。研究结果表明,铁路站场所采集的主要是2μm以下的球形或椭球形富含S、Br、Zn元素的颗粒,富集因子及元素相关性分析显示,该颗粒物主要来源于铁路机车燃油排放。因此,确定颗粒物的排放源并以此进行控制,对于改善北京铁路站场周围的大气环境具有重要意义。     

巢湖流域河流鱼类群落的时空分布

基于2013年4月和10月对巢湖流域66个河道样点的调查数据,初步研究了巢湖流域河流鱼类群落的时空变化特征。主要研究结果显示,鱼类多样性无显著性的水系间、生态分区间的变化,但随季节和河流级别显著变化:10月份的个体数显著高于4月份,2级河流的物种数和个体数均显著大于1级、3级和4级河流。鱼类群落结构的季节动态显著,随生态分区显著变化,但不受水系、河流级别的显著影响。在二级生态分区水平上,仅西南森林生态亚区的鱼类群落结构与其他5个生态亚区的显著差异;宽鳍鱲、吻虾虎鱼等在西南森林生态亚区具有更高多度,而鲫、鰐、鲤等物种在其他生态亚区多度更高。     

污染防治微生物制剂在城市河流污染控制中的应用及其生物安全

简要论述了污染防治微生物制剂的概念和在城市河流污染控制中的应用,并介绍了国外对微生物制剂的风险评估和对污染防治微生物制剂的管理方式,提出了国内应优先开发本土的天然的污染防治微生物制剂的建议,尽快发展中国环境微生物技术.     

Measurement of gas-phase total peroxides at the summit of Mount Tai in China

Measurement of ambient gas-phase total peroxides was performed at the summit of Mount Tai (Mt. Tai, 1534 m above sea level) in central-eastern China during March 22–April 24 and June 16–July 20, 2007. The hourly averaged concentration of peroxides was 0.17 ppbv (± 0.16 ppbv, maximum: 1.28 ppbv) and 0.55 ppbv (± 0.67 ppbv, maximum: 3.55 ppbv) in the spring and summer campaigns, respectively. The average concentration of peroxides at Mt. Tai, which is in a heavily polluted region, was much lower than hydrogen peroxide measurements made at some rural mountain sites, suggesting that significant removal processes took place in this region. An examination of diurnal variation and a correlation analysis suggest that these removal processes could include chemical suppression of peroxide production due to the scavenging of peroxy and hydroxy radicals by high NO_x, wet removal by clouds/fogs rich in dissolved sulfur dioxide which reacts quickly with peroxides, and photolysis. These sinks competed with photochemical sources of peroxides, resulting in different mean concentrations and diurnal pattern of peroxides in the spring and summer. A principal component analysis was conducted to quantify the major processes that influenced the variation of peroxide concentrations. This analysis shows that in the spring photochemical production was an important source of peroxides, and the major sink was scavenging during upslope transport of polluted and humid air from the lower part of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and wet removal by synoptic scale clouds. During the summer, highly polluted PBL air (with high NO_x) was often associated with very low peroxides due to the chemical suppression of HO₂ by high NO_x and wet-removal by clouds/fogs in this sulfur-rich atmosphere, especially during the daytime. Higher concentrations of peroxides, which often appeared at mid-nighttime, were mainly associated with subsidence of air masses containing relatively lower concentrations of NO_y.     

Degradation of pentachlorobiphenyl by a sequential treatment using Pd coated iron and an aerobic bacterium (H1)

The reductive dechlorination and biodegradation of 2,2^′4,5,5^′-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB#101) was investigated in a laboratory-scale. Palladium coated iron (Pd/Fe) was used as a catalytic reductant for the chemical degradation of 2,2^′4,5,5^′-pentachlorobiphenyl, and an aerobic bacteria was used for biodegradation following the chemical reaction in this study. Dechlorination was affected by several factors such as Pd loading, initial soil pH and the amount of Pd/Fe used. The results showed that higher Pd loading, higher dosage of Pd/Fe and slightly acid condition were beneficial to the catalytic dechlorination of 2,2^′,4,5,5^′-pentachlorobiphenyl. In laboratory batch experiments, 2,2^′4,5,5^′-pentachlorobiphenyl was reduced in the presence of Pd/Fe bimetal, which was not further degraded by aerobic bacteria. 2,2^′,4-trichlorobiphenyl (PCB#17), a reduction product from 2,2^′4,5,5^′-pentachlorobiphenyl, was readily biodegraded in the presence of a aerobic bacterial strain. It is suggested that an integrated Pd/Fe catalytic reduction-aerobic biodegradation process may be a feasible option for treating PCB-contaminated soil.     

利用烧结脱硫灰制备胶凝材料的研究

研究了烧结烟气半干法脱硫灰复掺矿渣、钢渣,辅之外加剂,制备胶凝材料的可行性。结果表明,采用改性脱硫灰（GXTLH）、钢渣、矿渣及水泥熟料再混磨制备的复合胶凝材料,具有良好的安定性等水化性能和力学性能;当GXTLH 掺入量为20%、CFII 1.5%、减水剂0.5%及水泥熟料23%时,矿渣掺量在12%～44%、钢渣掺量11%～44%之间制备的胶凝材料初凝时间、终凝时间、力学性能满足GB13592-92《钢渣矿渣水泥标准》;矿渣与钢渣比、水泥熟料及外加剂等掺量一定,GXTLH掺量超过30%时,GXTLH胶凝材料的抗压抗折强度均有所下降。     

海油陆采HSE管理初探＊

文章阐述了国内外海油陆采HSE管理现状,通过分析总结滩海油气生产设施从设计到投入使用全过程HSE管理经验,归纳整理出可借鉴的HSE管理技术,为中国石油海油陆采油田HSE文化的培育提供了有益的建议。