乌梁素海富营养化状态的模糊模式识别研究

本文利用模糊模式识别交叉迭代模型对分布于乌梁素海各水功能区的21个水质监测点,2009年5月～10月的富营养化等级进行了模糊模式识别研究;并利用Arcview的空间分析功能,绘制富营养化等级识别结果的空间分布月变化Grid图。将富营养化状态识别结果及其分布区域与乌梁素海同期水质监测指标浓度变化及其分布区域进行对比分析及验证。识别结果与实际水质状况相符,验证了该方法的有效性。     

Towards a better hydraulic cleaning strategy for ultrafiltration membrane fouling by humic acid: Effect of backwash water composition

As a routine measurement to alleviate membrane fouling, hydraulic cleaning is of great significance for the steady operation of ultrafiltration (UF) systems in water treatment processes. In this work, a comparative study was performed to investigate the effects of the composition of backwash water on the hydraulic cleaning performance of UF membranes fouled by humic acid (HA). Various types of backwash water, including UF permeate, Milli-Q water, NaCl solution, CaCl₂ solution and HA solution, were compared in terms of hydraulically irreversible fouling index, total surface tension and residual HA. The results indicated that Milli-Q water backwash was superior to UF permeate backwash in cleaning HA-fouled membranes, and the backwash water containing Na⁺ or HA outperformed Milli-Q water in alleviating HA fouling. On the contrary, the presence of Ca^2 + in backwash water significantly decreased the backwash efficiency. Moreover, Ca^2 + played an important role in foulant removal, and the residual HA content closely related to the residual Ca^2 + content. Mechanism analysis suggested that the backwash process may involve fouling layer swelling, ion exchange, electric double layer release and competitive complexation. Ion exchange and competitive complexation played significant roles in the efficient hydraulic cleaning associated with Na⁺ and HA, respectively.     

天津地区一些降尘中多环芳烃的含量与分布

采集并分析了天津地区2002～2003年16区县23个样点采暖与非采暖期降尘样品中16种优控多环芳烃(PAHs)含量.非采暖期样品16种PAHs含量总和(ΣPAH16)在1 00～48 18μg·g-1间,采暖期样品ΣPAH16在2 54～85 47μg·g-1间.采暖期降尘高含量PAHs主要为萘、菲、荧蒽、和芘,非采暖期降尘PAHs的优势成份包括萘、芴、菲、荧蒽和.除东部工业区外,同一样点采暖期降尘中高环PAHs含量普遍高于非采暖期.采暖期样品各PAHs彼此之间相关性较非采暖期显著.无论是采暖期还是非采暖期,降尘中PAHs主要都是来源于燃煤,交通污染源也占一定比例.     

Methyl tertiary-butyl ether inhibits THP-1 macrophage cholesterol efflux in vitro and accelerates atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice in vivo

The biosafety of methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), mainly used as a gasoline additive, has long been a contentious topic. In addition to its routine toxicities, MTBE has been demonstrated to disrupt glucose and lipid metabolism and contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes as well as obesity. As one of the morbidities related to dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis is worthy of being investigated under MTBE exposure. Since foam cells derived from macrophages play pivotal roles during atherosclerosis development, we studied the effects of MTBE on macrophages in vitro and assessed the effect of MTBE on atherosclerosis plaque formation with the ApoE^?/? mouse model in vivo for the first time. Our results demonstrated that exposure to MTBE at environmentally relevant concentrations decreased the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1, which are responsible for macrophage cholesterol efflux, at both mRNA and protein levels in THP-1 macrophages. Consequently, treatment with MTBE inhibited the transport of cholesterol from macrophages to High-density lipoprotein. ApoE^?/? mice exposed to MTBE at environmentally relevant concentrations (100, 1000 μg/kg) displayed significant increases in lesion area in the aorta and aortic root compared to vehicle-treated ones. Further analysis indicated that MTBE exposure enhanced the macrophage-specific marker Mac-2 contents within plaques in the aortic root, implying that MTBE could promote macrophage-derived foam cell formation and thus accelerate atherosclerosis plaque formation. We for the first time demonstrated the pro-atherogenic effect of MTBE via eliciting disruption of macrophage cholesterol efflux and accelerating foam cell formation and atherosclerosis plaque development.     

松花江流域水污染防治问题的思考

根据松花江流域水环境现状,松花江流域水污染防治工作的重要依据和"十一五"期间松花江流域水污染防治的重要对策和措施,提出了用行政的、经济的和法律的手段,实行环境信息公开.对公民、法人或其他组织合法的环境权益问题进行了思考,并提出建议.     

Digital technology and the conservation of nature

Digital technology is changing nature conservation in increasingly profound ways. We describe this impact and its significance through the concept of ‘digital conservation’, which we found to comprise five pivotal dimensions: data on nature, data on people, data integration and analysis, communication and experience, and participatory governance. Examining digital innovation in nature conservation and addressing how its development, implementation and diffusion may be steered, we warn against hypes, techno-fix thinking, good news narratives and unverified assumptions. We identify a need for rigorous evaluation, more comprehensive consideration of social exclusion, frameworks for regulation and increased multi-sector as well as multi-discipline awareness and cooperation. Along the way, digital technology may best be reconceptualised by conservationists from something that is either good or bad, to a dual-faced force in need of guidance.     

试论保险制度在环境管理中的适用

通过对美国推行环境保险制度的理论和实践的分析,论述了保险制度在我国环境管理中应用的可行性及其意义。     

茂县玫瑰精油加工方法对化学成分含量的影响

本文用毛细管气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用技术,毛细管气相色谱保留指数和标准品叠加法鉴定了茂县玫瑰精油的化学成分,并对水蒸气蒸馏精油、净油、蒸馏-萃取精油、水中精油的化学成分进行了比较,说明不同加工方法对精油成分的影响是很大的。