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881.
水泥窑协同处置含油污泥 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
含油污泥是石油石化生产过程中产生的一种含油固体废弃物,现有的含油污泥处理技术主要解决了油泥中油气资源的部分回收,未实现油泥的彻底无害化.采用能谱仪、原子荧光光度计和等离子体发射光谱仪等检测手段,检测了不同油田含油污泥的成分、热值及重金属含量,并与水泥生产的相关标准进行了对比分析.结果表明,含油污泥灰分中氧化钙、氧化硅等含量总和均大于80%;灰分中重金属含量基本满足《水泥工厂设计规范》GB50295-2008中水泥熟料重金属含量要求,可作为水泥生产的替代原料.采集的各油田含油污泥平均热值达17.6 MJ/kg,大部分含油污泥都可以作为水泥生产的替代燃料.同时,水泥窑协同处置含油污泥时有害有机物被彻底分解,不会产生二次污染,能真正实现含油污泥的减量化、资源化和无害化,是一项值得推广的处置方式. 相似文献
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Aerobic granules effectively degrade phenol at high concentrations from which no Acinetobacter species, that can effectively degrade high concentrations of phenol, have ever been isolated from aerobic granules. The phenol-fed aerobic granule studied was made by merging several smaller granules, each with a core of proteins and nucleic acids surrounded by an outer layer enriched with polysaccharides. In the present study, a strain of Acinetobacter sp. was isolated from the phenol-fed aerobic granules and was identified using DNA sequencing. The fluorescent in situ hybridisation combined with the confocal laser scanning microscope test revealed that the isolated Acinetobacter strain was mainly distributed in the core regime of granule. Batch tests revealed that the suspended Acinetobacter strain could effectively degrade phenol at an initial phenol concentration of up to 1000 mg l(-1) with no cell growth taking place at a phenol concentration of 1500 mg l(-1). The Haldane model describes the inhibitory kinetics of the phenol degradation data. The suspended Acinetobacter strain had a propensity to attach to the surface of sterilized polyurethane foam at a concentration of 12.3mg dry cells mg(-1) dry foam. The immobilized cells could not only degrade phenol at a rate similar to the suspended cells at phenol concentration of 500 mg l(-1), but also effectively degraded phenol at 1500 mg l(-1). The polysaccharides outer layer protected the Acinetobacter strain from phenol's toxicity; while the strain may also contribute to bioaggregation of the granule for its high propensity to attach to solid surface. 相似文献
885.
Impacts of climatic and atmospheric changes on carbon dynamics in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zhang C Tian H Chappelka AH Ren W Chen H Pan S Liu M Styers DM Chen G Wang Y 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,149(3):336-347
We used the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM) to estimate carbon (C) storage and to analyze the impacts of environmental changes on C dynamics from 1971 to 2001 in Great Smoky Mountain National Park (GRSM). Our simulation results indicate that forests in GRSM have a C density as high as 15.9kgm(-2), about twice the regional average. Total carbon storage in GRSM in 2001 was 62.2Tg (T=10(12)), 54% of which was in vegetation, the rest in the soil detritus pool. Higher precipitation and lower temperatures in the higher elevation forests result in larger total C pool sizes than in forests at lower elevations. During the study period, the CO(2) fertilization effect dominated ozone and climatic stresses (temperature and precipitation), and the combination of these multiple factors resulted in net accumulation of 0.9Tg C in this ecosystem. 相似文献
886.
采用混凝-Fenton氧化-Fe0还原工艺预处理高浓度硝基苯废水,考察各反应阶段硝基苯去除效果及影响因素。研究表明,聚铁混凝性能优于聚铝;初始COD为17 350 mg/L、硝基苯浓度为10 050 mg/L的废水,在pH=4,聚铁投加浓度3 300 mg/L时,COD和硝基苯去除率分别为63%和62%;混凝沉降后的上清液用Fenton试剂氧化,可在较宽pH(3~6)范围内降解硝基苯,当H2O2(30%)浓度为6 000 mg/L,Fe2+浓度为168 mg/L时,氧化效率最高;聚铁混凝-Fenton氧化后的出水用Fe0还原,最佳还原条件为:pH=3,Fe0浓度1 500 mg/L。原水经聚铁混凝-Fenton氧化-Fe0还原后,COD和硝基苯总去除率分别达90%和98%,总药剂成本约12.4元/t。处理后废水硝基苯浓度为168 mg/L,适宜进行后续的厌氧-好氧生物处理。 相似文献
887.
为了研究镧、铈2种稀土元素共掺金属氧化物催化剂对甲苯的去除效果,采用等体积浸渍法制备了LaxCe1-xMnO/γ-Al2O3稀土改性催化剂。考察了活性组分负载量、焙烧温度对催化剂催化活性的影响,确定了催化剂的最佳制备工艺。同时对镧、铈两种稀土元素不同原子配比对催化活性的影响进行研究。实验结果表明,LaxCe1-xMnO负载量为12%,催化剂的焙烧温度为450℃,La、Ce物质的量比为4∶1,制得的催化剂催化活性最强,催化效率最高,在6 000 h-1空速下,反应温度为320℃时即可将甲苯气体完全燃烧。运用BET、XRD、SEM、XRF等方法对催化剂的结构进行表征,结果表明,催化剂表面活性组分具有高分散性,氧化物颗粒粒径均一且分散均匀。稀土共掺催化剂与单一稀土改性催化剂相比,活性组分易于负载在载体表面,负载效果有着显著的提高。 相似文献
888.
Ren S 《Chemosphere》2007,68(8):1474-1488
A US patent was issued to a commercial dishwashing detergent composition in which soluble zinc is used to protect glassware from corrosion. Some of the consumed detergents are discharged as wastewater and treated in publicly owned treatment works (POTWs). A probabilistic risk assessment was conducted to quantitatively determine the risk of zinc in the detergents to the nitrification processes in US POTWs. The procedure for POTW local limit development designed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was used as a reference when conducting the risk assessment. The assessment took into account the background zinc concentrations in POTW influents and potential shock loading patterns, and was conducted at different market penetration rates (MPRs) for the US market of detergents based on the patented formula. The assessment involved several conservative factors including conservative determination of primary treatment efficiency, bioavailability, inhibition concentration, configuration of the nitrification process, as well as background zinc concentration in wastewater. With the conservative factors in the assessment, it was found that zinc in detergents does not present a significant risk to the nitrification processes in POTWs at a MPR up to 10%. It was noted that additional analyses would be required when the MPR is higher than 10% to adequately account for the effects of the conservative factors on the result of the assessment. 相似文献
889.
This study describes the degradation of nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds (NHCs) by anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton. Using indole as a model nitrogen-heterocyclic compound, the removal of indole reached 68% and 97% by anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton, respectively, while the decay of TOC was 15% and 38% correspondingly. By the analysis of ultraviolet-visible spectra and liquid chromatography/mass spectrum, the degradation mechanism of indole by electro-Fenton was proposed as hydroxyl oxidation and anodic oxidation. The degradation of other NHCs including quinoline, isoquinoline and pyridine by anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton revealed the same sequence: quinoline approximately equal isoquinoline > indole > pyridine. A significant correlation between ln k (natural logarithm of rate constants) and E(LUMO) (the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbit) was obtained by quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis. Degradation of coking plant wastewater showed the removal of COD and TOC were 42% and 22% respectively after 180 min treatment by electro-Fenton. 相似文献
890.
Yongqiang Zhao Yongqiu Xia Bolun Li Xiaoyuan Yan 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(16):9973-9982
Denitrification is an important N removal process in aquatic systems but is also implicated as a potential source of global N2O emissions. However, the key factors controlling this process as well as N2O emissions remain unclear. In this study, we identified the main factors that regulate the production of net N2 and N2O in sediments collected from rivers with a large amount of sewage input in the Taihu Lake region. Net N2 and N2O production were strongly associated with the addition of NO3 ?-N and NH4 +-N. Specifically, NO3 ?-N controlled net N2 production following Michaelis–Menten kinetics. The maximum rate of net N2 production (V max) was 116.3 μmol N2-N m?2 h?1, and the apparent half-saturation concentration (k m) was 0.65 mg N L?1. N2O to N2 ratios increased from 0.18?±?0.03 to 0.68?±?0.16 with the addition of NO3 ?-N, suggesting that increasing NO3 ?-N concentrations favored the production of N2O more than N2. The addition of acetate enhanced net N2 production and N2O to N2 ratios, but the ratios decreased by about 59.5 % when acetate concentrations increased from 50 to 100 mg C L?1, suggesting that the increase of N2O to N2 ratios had more to do with the net N2 production rate rather than acetate addition in this experiment. The addition of Cl? did not affect the net N2 production rates, but significantly enhanced N2O to N2 ratios (the ratios increased from 0.02?±?0.00 to 0.10?±?0.00), demonstrating that the high salinity effect might have a significant regional effect on N2O production. Our results suggest that the presence of N-enriching sewage discharges appear to stimulate N removal but also increase N2O to N2 ratios. 相似文献