Level of coordinated development in economy and environment

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从我国“98”南北洪水看山西防洪问题

从我国“９８”洪灾的惨重经济损失中认为,除了气候因素外,生态环境遭到人为破坏是致灾的主要原因。以此为鉴,结合山西实际,分析了山西防洪中存在的问题及根治洪患的举措     

新苦恼--办公室综合症

究显示：办公室工作人员正遭受“办公室综合症”的困扰,经常性长时间工作、杂乱的办公桌以及错误的坐姿是导致这种新的上班族病发生的主要原因。     

产酸脱硫反应器中碳硫比对群落生态特征的影响

通过产酸脱硫反应器处理高浓度含硫酸盐废水的连续流试验,从群落动态的角度研究碳硫比(COD/SO₄^2-)从4.2降低到2.0的过程中,pH值、氧化还原电位(ORP)、碱度(ALK)和末端产物(VFAs)组成、优势种群分布等群落生态特征的变化规律试验证明,在此过程中ORP和ALK提高,而pH值和VFAs中乙酸的分布比例降低,群落类型由高碳硫比稳定型转化为低碳硫比亚稳定型,但仍未改变乙酸型顶极群落的典型特征.     

Implications of genetics and current protected areas for conservation of 5 endangered primates in China

Most of China's 24–28 primate species are threatened with extinction. Habitat reduction and fragmentation are perhaps the greatest threats. We used published data from a conservation genetics study of 5 endangered primates in China (Rhinopithecus roxellana, R. bieti, R. brelichi, Trachypithecus francoisi, and T. leucocephalus); distribution data on these species; and the distribution, area, and location of protected areas to inform conservation strategies for these primates. All 5 species were separated into subpopulations with unique genetic components. Gene flow appeared to be strongly impeded by agricultural land, meadows used for grazing, highways, and humans dwellings. Most species declined severely or diverged concurrently as human population and crop land cover increased. Nature reserves were not evenly distributed across subpopulations with unique genetic backgrounds. Certain small subpopulations were severely fragmented and had higher extinction risk than others. Primate mobility is limited and their genetic structure is strong and susceptible to substantial loss of diversity due to local extinction. Thus, to maximize preservation of genetic diversity in all these primate species, our results suggest protection is required for all sub‐populations. Key priorities for their conservation include maintaining R. roxellana in Shennongjia national reserve, subpopulations S4 and S5 of R. bieti and of R. brelichi in Fanjingshan national reserve, subpopulation CGX of T. francoisi in central Guangxi Province, and all 3 T. leucocephalus sub‐populations in central Guangxi Province.     

Interactive mechanism of working environments and construction behaviors with cognitive work analysis: an elevator installation case study

Unsafe behavior is a leading factor in accidents, and the working environment significantly affects behaviors. However, few studies have focused on detailed mechanisms for addressing unsafe behaviors resulting from environmental constraints. This study aims to delineate these mechanisms using cognitive work analysis (CWA) for an elevator installation case study. Elevator installation was selected for study because it involves operations at heights: falls from heights remain a major cause of construction worker mortality. This study adopts a mixed research approach based on three research methodology stages. This research deconstructs the details of the working environment, the workers’ decision-making processes, the strategies chosen given environmental conditions and the conceptual model for workers’ behaviors, which jointly depict environment–behavior mechanisms at length. By applying CWA to the construction industry, environmental constraints can easily be identified, and targeted engineering suggestions can be generated.     

广州城市生态环境变化

对广州城市生态环境因子的大气，水，固体废弃物和噪声污染状况近十年数据结合广州城市发展，分析其环境污染变化特征，结果表明，广州市大气环境污染已由煤烟型向石油型转变;环境中有机污染严重，主要表现为氨氮，BOD5，砷化物和汞化物污染，固体垃圾产出量逐年增加，声环境在逐步好转。     

沈阳市区大气颗粒物元素组分及其分布

本研究采用美国安德逊五段冲击式采样器进行大气颗粒物采样，用中子活化法进行分析，获得４３种元素质量浓度，并求得各种元素的质量中值直径和几何标准差。     

甘肃省环境天然放射性水平研究

近年来,国内外在环境天然放射性水平研究方面做了一些工作.在国内,由于研究目的各有侧重,因而在布点原则等方面有所不同.在全国环境保护系统的天然放射性水平研究中,象甘肃省这种跨度大(东经92°13′—108°46′,北纬32°31′—42°57′)、地形地貌极其复杂(有沙漠、戈壁、山区、高原、草原、河谷盆地等)、海拔高度差别悬殊(有600m河     

Reducing bioassay variability by identifying sources of variation and controlling key parameters in assay protocol

Reducing bioassay variability by identifying sources of variation and controlling important parameters in assay protocol was demonstrated in this study. The variability of a bioassay based on a luminescent bacterium was examined as an example. This assay involved the growth of cells, storage at a low temperature, activation, and exposure to a test sample, and the assay response was bioluminescence inhibition. After determining that measurement error was small and negligible, the total assay variability was decomposed in an initial variance components study into between-batch, between-vial, and between-tube variations. Results indicated that between-vial variations accounted for the majority of the total observed variability and that reducing this type of variation would be beneficial. Five parameters in the assay protocol were determined as factors that potentially affected assay variability significantly. A split-plot design was employed to investigate the effects of these factors and some of their interactions on the assay response. One of the five factors, i.e., activation temperature, turned out to have a significant effect. The variance components study was repeated with better control of activation temperature as well as other parameters. Results indicated that the total variability of the bioassay was reduced by approximately 85%.