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941.
An Ding Yingxue Zhao Zhongsen Yan Langming Bai Haiyang Yang Heng Liang Guibai Li Nanqi Ren 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(4):59
942.
Dechlorane Plus (DP) is a chemical of emerging concern due to the restrictions on brominated flame retardant formulations. However, very little information is known about the occurrence of DP in indoor and outdoor air and its associated health risk to the exposed human population. In this study, we examined the concentrations and isomer profiles of DP in archived air samples collected from 14 homes, 6 offices, and 10 public microenvironments in Guangzhou, China in 2004–2005. The average (median) value of atmospheric ΣDP (sum of anti-DP and syn-DP) concentration in the three indoor air was 5.73 ± 5.33 (3.62) for offices, 8.08 ± 5.17 (6.87) for homes, and 57.27 ± 83.08 (32.58) pg/m3 for public microenvironments, respectively. ΣDP concentration was significantly higher in the public microenvironments than those in homes and offices. The arithmetic mean and median concentrations of ΣDP in outdoor air were 36.00 and 28.76 pg/m3, respectively. Spatially and temporally consistent indoor and outdoor samples comparison suggested that outdoor air might be a relevant source of DP for indoor air. Average anti-DP fractional abundance (fanti = 0.65 ± 0.04) in all outdoor samples was similar to those reported in other studies and indistinguishable from that of the commercial mixture (fanti = 0.65). In contrast, a relatively large variation of fanti values was found in the indoor samples, suggesting a complex degradation process of DP existing in these microenvironments. The calculated average daily doses of ΣDP were in the range of 0.38–2.21 ng/day for people intake through air inhalation, which was in the same order of magnitude compared with other exposure pathways for the general publics. 相似文献
943.
采用原位氧化还原法制备了三维石墨烯负载型CeO_2催化剂(CeO_2/3D GN),采用XRD、FTIR、SEM、比表面积和零电荷点测定等方法对其进行了表征,并考察了CeO_2/3D GN非均相催化臭氧氧化降解水中刚果红染料的影响因素。表征结果显示:CeO_2/3D GN具有相互连通的三维网络结构;CeO_2纳米颗粒均匀地分散在石墨烯片层中;比表面积为190.89 m~2/g;零电荷点pH_(zpc)为7.36。实验结果表明:CeO_2/3D GN非均相催化臭氧氧化体系比单独臭氧氧化体系对刚果红溶液的脱色率提高了60.56百分点;连续5次重复利用CeO_2/3D GN,刚果红溶液脱色率为96.50%~98.00%;在臭氧流量为20 mg/min、催化剂投加量为1.5 g/L、初始溶液pH为7.00的最佳工艺条件下反应15 min,刚果红溶液脱色率可高达94.65%。 相似文献
944.
René Prior Moritz Mittelbach Dominik Begerow 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(6):376-386
In this study, the impacts of three different fungicides to fungal phyllosphere communities on broad bean (Vicia faba, Fabaceae) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, Fabaceae) were analyzed. The fungicides included copper, sulfur, and azoxystrobin. The plants were sowed, grown, and treated under conditions occurring in conventional and organic farming. A culture-based approach was used to identify changes in the phyllosphere fungal community after the treatment. Different effects on species richness and growth index of the epiphytic and endophytic communities for common bean and broad bean could be shown. Treatments with sulfur showed the weakest effect, followed by those based on copper and the systemic azoxystrobin, which showed the strongest effect especially on endophytic communities. The epiphytic fungal community took five weeks to recover after treatment with azoxystrobin. However, the effect of azoxystrobin on the endophytic community lasted more than five weeks. Finally, the data suggest that the surface structure of the host leaves have a huge impact on the mode of action that the fungicides exert. 相似文献
945.
Li Yang Rui Zhang Hairui Duo Wei Zhang Zhe Jiang Yueheng Ren Jiang Lv Mujiao Huang Fuyuan Liu Muhammad Shahid Xiaofeng Luan 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2017,48(6):569-575
Long-term dynamics of population decline can improve the conservation perspectives and strategies for endanger species. In China, new gazetteers having systematic compilation and wide geographical coverage can be considered as an important complementary for reconstruction historical distribution. For historical and cultural reasons, an endangered species–lynx (Lynx lynx) was recorded regularly in new gazetteers. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to evaluate the population distribution in Northeast China from the 1950s to 2014. The data show that Felis lynx was widely distributed in Northeast China in the 1950s, but the number of the occurrence records have been significantly reduced by 85.6% in the last 60 years. This research also enlightens us that the new gazetteers can contribute to data shortage and it would be helpful to conservation biology. 相似文献
946.
Alin C. Dirtu Anna J. Buczyńska Ana F. L. Godoi Rodrigo Favoreto László Bencs Sanja S. Potgieter-Vermaak Ricardo H. M. Godoi René Van Grieken Luc Van Vaeck 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(10):6445-6457
The daily and seasonal atmospheric concentrations, deposition fluxes and emission sources of a few C3–C9 gaseous alkyl nitrates (ANs) at the Belgian coast (De Haan) on the Southern North Sea were determined. An adapted sampler design for low- and high-volume air-sampling, optimized sample extraction and clean-up, as well as identification and quantification of ANs in air samples by means of gas chromatography mass spectrometry, are reported. The total concentrations of ANs ranged from 0.03 to 85 pptv and consisted primarily of the nitro-butane and nitro-pentane isomers. Air mass backward trajectories were calculated by the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model to determine the influence of main air masses on AN levels in the air. The shorter chain ANs have been the most abundant in the Atlantic/Channel/UK air masses, while longer chain ANs prevailed in continental air. The overall mean N fluxes of the ANs were slightly higher for summer than those for winter-spring, although their contributions to the total nitrogen flux were low. High correlations between AN and HNO2 levels were observed during winter/spring. During summer, the shorter chain ANs correlated well with precipitation. Source apportionment by means of principal component analysis indicated that most of the gas phase ANs could be attributed to traffic/combustion, secondary photochemical formation and biomass burning, although marine sources may also have been present and a contributing factor. 相似文献
947.
Horemans B Worobiec A Buczynska A Van Meel K Van Grieken R 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2008,10(7):867-876
Total suspended particulate (TSP), PM(2.5) and BTEX were collected in nine offices in the province of Antwerp, Belgium. Both indoor and outdoor aerosol samples were analysed for their weight, elemental composition, and water-soluble fraction. Indoor TSP and PM(2.5) concentrations ranged from 7-31 microg m(-3) and 5-28 microg m(-3), with an average of 18 and 11 microg m(-3), respectively. Of all the elements analysed in indoor TSP, more than 95% was represented by Al, Si, K, Ca, Fe, Cl and S, accounting for 12% of the TSP by mass. The other elements showed significant enrichment relative to the earth's crust. The water-soluble ionic fraction accounted for almost 30% of the sampled indoor TSP by weight, and was enriched by anthropogenic activities. It was shown that the indoor PM levels varied among the offices, depending on the ventilation pattern, location, and occupation density of the office. Indoor BTEX levels ranged together from 5-47 microg m(-3) and were considerably higher than the corresponding outdoor levels. It was observed that some recently constructed and renovated buildings were clearly burdened with elevated levels for toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylenes, while outdoor air was found to be the main source for BTEX levels at the 'older' offices. 相似文献
948.
Stranger M Potgieter-Vermaak S Sacco P Quaglio F Pagani D Cocheo C Godoi AF Van Grieken R 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2009,149(1-4):411-417
A diffusive sampling method for the determination of gaseous acetic and formic acids, using a radial symmetry diffusive sampler, has been optimised for a 7-day exposure time in this study. Sampling rate determinations were performed on data obtained from a dynamic exposure chamber, simulating the indoor conditions of an empty, closed, room, at room temperature and minimal wind speed. Analysis has been performed by means of ion chromatography. The sampling rates for formic acid concentrations of 128 microg m(-3) and 1248 microg m(-3) were determined to be 91.2 +/- 3.9 ml min(-1) and 111.6 +/- 2.8 ml min(-1), respectively. The acetic acid sampling rate was independent of the concentration in the range 160 microg m(-3)-1564 microg m(-3), and amounted to 97.3 +/- 3.1 ml min(-1). Experimentally determined sampling rates showed deviations of 3% for acetic acid, and 3-21% for formic acid, in relation to theoretically derived values. The blank values were as low as 1.69 +/- 0.07 microg for formic acid and 1.21 +/- 0.14 microg for acetic acid, and detection limits lower than 0.5 microg m(-3) could be achieved, which is an improvement of 98-99% compared to previously validated diffusive sampling methods. This study describes the first step of an extended validation program in which the applicability of these types of samplers for the measurement of organic acids will be validated and optimised for the environmental conditions typical for museum showcases. 相似文献
949.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water, sediment and soil of the Songhua River Basin, China 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Wan-Li Ma Li-Yan Liu Hong Qi Zi-Feng Zhang Wei-Wei Song Ji-Min Shen Zhong-Lin Chen Nan-Qi Ren Josey Grabuski Yi-Fan Li 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(10):8399-8409
The Songhua River is the third largest river in China and the primary source of drinking and irrigation water for northeastern China. The distribution of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water [dissolved water (DW) and suspended particulate matter (SPM)], sediment, and soil in the river basin was investigated, and the associated risk of cancer from these PAHs was also assessed. The total concentration of PAHs ranged from 13.9 to 161 ng L?1 in DW, 9.21 to 83.1 ng L?1 in SPM, 20.5 to 632 ng g?1 dw (dry weight) in sediment, and from 30.1 to 870 ng g?1 dw in soil. The compositional pattern of PAHs indicated that three-ring PAHs were predominant in DW and SPM samples, while four-ring PAHs dominated in sediment and soil samples. The spatial distribution of PAHs revealed some site-specific sources along the river, with principal component analysis indicating that these were from pyrogenic sources (such as coal and biomass combustion, and vehicle emissions) and coke oven emission distinguished as the main source of PAHs in the Songhua River Basin. Based on the ingestion of PAH-contaminated drinking water from the Songhua River, cancer risk was quantitatively estimated by combining the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk assessment model and BaP-equivalent concentration for five age groups of people (adults, teenagers, children, toddlers, and infants). Overall, the results suggest that the estimated integrated lifetime cancer risk for all groups was in acceptable levels. This study is the first attempt to provide information on the cancer risk of PAHs in drinking water from the Songhua River. 相似文献
950.
TCLP法对天津市农田重金属生态风险评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
TCLP法是用缓冲剂提取重金属的一种方法,该法评价重金属生态风险在美国已开展多年。利用TCLP法对天津市某农田土壤重金属进行生态风险评价,结果表明,在采集的23个样品中有效态铜、铅、锌、镉的含量范围为1.13~5.26、2.11~5.22、2.60~30.6、1.09×10-3~77.9×10-3mg/kg,普遍低于铜、铅、锌、镉在土壤中的总量(22.1~66.8、21.2~50.6、56.8~445、0.04~0.20 mg/kg)。镉的TCLP有效态与总量的差别最大。锌、铅存在轻微污染,污染率分别为21.7%、4.3%。 相似文献