塔里木油田三甘醇脱水装置参数优化研究

文章通过三甘醇脱水工艺的第三套三甘醇注醇量调整,第三套再生温度的调节、汽提气注入量调整、贫液进塔温度调整运行参数的优化,得出:当三甘醇脱水工艺循环量在3840kg/h左右时,再生效果最好,贫液浓度最高,所获得的干气水露点最低;三甘醇脱水工艺再生温度在190～200℃之间温度越高,再生效果越好;三甘醇脱水工艺再生装置在汽提气量30Nm3/h左右时,再生效果最好,贫液浓度最高,所获得的干气水露点最低。     

臭氧-生物活性炭工艺在废水处理中的研究与应用＊

概述活性炭吸附工艺、臭氧氧化工艺以及臭氧-生物活性炭工艺的降解机理、发展及应用;分析臭氧-生物活性炭工艺在国内外应用的典型案例,以及介绍该工艺在污水处理、污水深度处理以及中水回用方面的研究进展。     

Photochemical properties and source of pollutants during continuous pollution episodes in Beijing, October, 2011

Beijing sufered from serious air pollution in October, 2011 with the occurrence of three continuous episodes. Here we analyze the pollution status of particulate matter, the relationship between the gaseous pollutants, physical and chemical properties of single particles, and the profile of watersoluble ions in PM2.5during the three episodes. Regional and photochemically aged air masses, which were characterized as having high values of O3and SO2, were hypothesized to have played a dominant role in the first episode. After mixing local air masses with freshly-emitted primary pollutants, the concentration of NOx continued to increase and the size of SO4 2, NO3 and NH4 +in the particle population continued to become smaller. The amount of elemental carbon-rich and organic carbonrich particles in the scaled single particles(0.2–2 μm) and water-soluble K+in PM2.5also increased in the episodes. All the available information suggests that the biomass or fuel burning sources in or around Beijing may have had a huge impact on the last two episodes.     

高压电晕放电对五氯酚的降解研究

研究了放电电压、溶液pH等因素对高压电晕放电降解PCP效果的影响,并对高压电晕放电处理PCP的动力学进行了初步探讨,同时对高压电晕放电降解PCP的COD和TOC的变化进行了分析。结果表明:放电电压和溶液pH值对PCP降解性能影响很大,放电电压和溶液pH值越高,PCP的降解速度越快。当溶液pH值为11.2、PCP初始质量浓度40 mg/L、电晕放电电压为25 kV时,经30 min电晕放电,PCP的降解率达90%以上,电晕放电降解PCP的反应符合一级反应动力学。在氧化过程中PCP可能转化为苯醌等中间产物,TOC几乎无变化,PCP分解成的小分子有机物使COD升高,可生化性提高。     

沈阳市冬季一次严重污染天气过程成因分析

为探讨沈阳市冬季重污染天气的初步成因。以2013年1月11日~16日沈阳市发生的一次严重污染天气为例,利用中国气象局的MICAPS系统和美国的HYSPLT模式,从污染形成的天气背景、污染物扩散受地形的影响情况以及外来污染物输送的气流轨迹等几方面综合分析,从而探讨此次严重污染过程的成因:长白山小高压和西部倒槽双重系统的控制下,地面吹东北风,风速较小,湿度大,不利于污染物的水平扩散;有较强接地逆温存在时,不利于污染物的垂直扩散,导致近地面污染物累积;受来自于北部和东北部低层气流的影响,将内蒙古、辽宁东北部的污染物携带到沈阳地区汇聚。     

污泥中重金属的存在形态和处理方法研究

由于污泥中的重金属含量比较高,且大多数未进行无害化处理,只能进行露天堆放,极易造成二次污染,因此污泥中的重金属已成为限制污泥资源化应用的主要因素。文章通过介绍污泥中重金属的污染现状和重金属存在形态的划分,在此基础上对目前常用的四种污泥中重金属的处理方法(化学法、生物淋滤法、动电处理法和植物修复法)进行了综述,并比较了不同方法之间的优点与不足,并提出了新的展望。     

Response of gaseous carbon emissions to low-level salinity increase in tidal marsh ecosystem of the Min River estuary, southeastern China

Although estuarine tidal marshes are important contributors to the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, the relationship between carbon dioxide(CO_2), methane(CH_4)emission, and environmental factors, with respect to estuarine marshes, has not been clarified thoroughly. This study investigated the crucial factors controlling the emission of CO_2 and CH_4from a freshwater marsh and a brackish marsh located in a subtropical estuary in southeastern China, as well as their magnitude. The duration of the study period was November 2013 to October 2014. Relevant to both the field and incubation experiments, the CO_2 and CH_4emissions from the two marshes showed pronounced seasonal variations. The CO_2 and CH_4emissions from both marshes demonstrated significant positive correlations with the air/soil temperature(p 0.01), but negative correlations with the soil electrical conductivity and the pore water/tide water Cl-and SO_4~(2-)(p 0.01). The results indicate no significant difference in the CO_2 emissions between the freshwater and brackish marshes in the subtropical estuary, whereas there was a difference in the CH_4 emissions between the two sites(p 0.01). Although future sea-level rise and saltwater intrusion could reduce the CH_4 emissions from the estuarine freshwater marshes, these factors had little effect on the CO_2 emissions with respect to an increase in salinity of less than 5‰. The findings of this study could have important implications for estimating the global warming contributions of estuarine marshes along differing salinity gradients.     

欧盟重金属污染防治历程及启示

通过综合学习借鉴发达国家不同历史阶段污染防治的历程与积累的经验,有助于我国在比较的视野中正确认识我国重金属污染防治中存在的问题,以及学习借鉴他国的经验教训,探索属于自己的跨越式发展道路,包括污染防治政策制度设计、环境管理经验、各国的协调合作等。     

黑龙江及周边3次中等地震震前活动能量场及物理升温现象时空特征分析

通过计算地震活动能量距平场,研究了黑龙江及其附近区域3次中等地震前的研究区能量场在地震孕育过程中相关的物理时空变化特征。结果显示,地震活动能量场的时间曲线呈较大幅度上升可能预示了发生中强震的时间段,而地震活动能量场等值线高值变化区对应了可能发生M5以上地震的区域。结合热红外卫星长波辐射(OLR)值发现,地震前能量场等值线高值变化区升温明显,表明研究区能量场处于能量积累(释放)增强的状态。这些特征的提取,对该地区中强地震的中短期预测有一定的指导意义。     

一体化农村生活污水处理技术应用研究

介绍了采用一体化处理装置处理农村生活污水的情况,详细介绍了该工艺的处理流程和处理效果,通过一体化装置组合人工湿地工艺可实现COD、NH3-N和TP的去除率分别达64.73%、98.30%、72.87%,出水稳定达GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准。