黄土区土壤钾素径流流失机理研究进展

根据有关文献资料,从形态、有效性、与侵蚀的关系、影响因素和流失模型等方面,对黄土区土壤钾素径流流失机理的研究作一综述。文章指出进一步深入研究黄土区土壤钾素径流流失机理十分必要。     

青海湖流域主要生态环境问题及防治对策

分析了青海湖流域主要生态环境问题：湖水水面下降，水质恶化；草地退化日趋严重，“草原三害”面积不断增大。土地沙漠化面积不断扩大，水土流失严重；珍稀濒危野生动物濒临灭绝；渔业资源濒临枯竭。在此基础上，提出了五项防治对策：(1)提高广大干部群众的生态意识；(2)将“社会-经济-自然复合生态系统”概念引入到流域的治理中；(3)加强国家级自然保护区的建设；(4)大力发展林一草间作，增加植被覆盖度；(5)尽快组建“青海湖流域生态环境监测管理中心”。     

黑河流域土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响

利用1987年和2000年1：100000Landsat TM图像解译数据分析了黑河流域土地利用变化，在此基础上，采用中国陆地生态系统服务价值的测算方法，评估了黑河流域土地利用变化引起的生态环境质量变化。结果表明，在过去的13年间，黑河流域土地利用变化总的趋势是森林、草地、河流冰川面积大幅减少，耕地、盐碱地和建筑用地迅速增加。这一变化损害了该区域的生态系统服务功能，使生态系统服务总价值(人民币)从404．22亿元／a下降到370．3亿元／a，损失率达到了8．39％。     

坡地赤红壤退化与生态环境重建

广东坡地赤红壤是广东农业生产的重要土壤资源，但是，坡地赤红壤长期以来存在着利用不当和退化问题，严重制约着其生产潜力的发挥。文章总结了坡地赤红壤的基本特性及退化状况，探讨了其生态环境重建的途径。认为坡地赤红壤之退化主要是生态退化、水土流失、物理退化和养分退化。指出坡地赤红壤之生态环境重建主要有如下几种途径：因地制宜，合理利用，恢复与重建土壤．植被生态系统；综合治理水土流失；增加有机质，改善土壤结构，提高土壤肥力；发挥地域优势，大力发展绿色农业，走农业产业化道路。     

Coping with the environmental effects of point-source discharges

Current methods for assessing the environmental impact of point source discharges in the United States are reviewed. The emphasis of many assessments of damage from pollution is shifting from chemical or technological standards to biological standards, i.e., the protection of biological integrity in the receiving system. The importance of integrating information from chemical measurements, toxicity tests, and field surveys in impact assessment is re-emphasized. Ways in which environmental professionals can improve methods for assessing damage from pollution and its control are discussed.     

Estimation of greenhouse gas emissions in China and the abatement measures

The major emission sources of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and CFCs in China have been identified, and the emission trends has been estimated. Besides fossil fuel combustion, human respiration and biomass burning are important sources. Some feasible abatement measures on energy conservation, afforestation and biomass recycling have been discussed.     

海上溢油事故应急反应系统

该文给出了海上溢油事故应急反应系统的总体框架，并分析了系统的构成及其主要功能，为建立海上溢油事故应急反应系统提供参考。     

The characters for the boundary layer and mechanism of acid rain formation in the Qingdao area,China

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Study of elemental distribution in soil on the loess plateau of China

Instrument neutron activation analysis (INAA) has been employed in this study to determine 32 elements in soil on the loess plateau. The preliminary results suggest that geochemical characteristics of elements in the soil mainly retained those in the parent materials (loess). It has been found that fractional deposition among grain sizes in the process of loess transportation as well as the bioclimate in which the soil developed are main factors affecting the regional variations of elemental distribution in soil on the plateau. Contour maps of element concentrations plotted from the trend analyses exhibit the major patterns of the distributions and variations on the plateau. Furthermore, the study also provides evidence for the aeolian theory of the loess transportation in China.     

Determination of atmospheric concentrations of halocarbons in Beijing area

Gas chromatography with ambient temperature injection and frozen-trapped techniques was used to determine the atmospheric concentrations of halocarbons over Beijing. Halogenated compounds such as CFC-11, CFC-12, CHCl_3, CCl_4, CH_3CCl_3, CHCl =CCl_2, and CCl_2=CCl_2 were measured and their concentrations are 109±8, 234±13, 47±22, 97±24, 88±29, 11±1 and 17±3 (pptv), respectively.