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21.
Keith Worrall Clive Robinson David Wood Paul Harrington 《环境化学》2006,25(6):805-808
降低二噁英(PCDD/Fs)的检出限(LOD)可以更好地估计这类有毒化合物在食品中的含量.通常的分析方法用无分流进样注入内径0.25 mm长60m的色谱柱. 相似文献
22.
Disinfection of water for human use is essential to protect against microbial disease; however, disinfection also leads to formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), some of which are of health concern. From a chemical perspective, swimming pools are a complex matrix, with continual addition of a wide range of natural and anthropogenic chemicals via filling waters, disinfectant addition, pharmaceuticals and personal care products and human body excretions. Natural organic matter, trace amounts of DBPs and chlorine or chloramines may be introduced by the filling water, which is commonly disinfected distributed drinking water. Chlorine and/or bromine is continually introduced via the addition of chemical disinfectants to the pool. Human body excretions (sweat, urine and saliva) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (sunscreens, cosmetics, hair products and lotions) are introduced by swimmers. High addition of disinfectant leads to a high formation of DBPs from reaction of some of the chemicals with the disinfectant. Swimming pool air is also of concern as volatile DBPs partition into the air above the pool. The presence of bromine leads to the formation of a wide range of bromo- and bromo/chloro-DBPs, and Br-DBPs are more toxic than their chlorinated analogues. This is particularly important for seawater-filled pools or pools using a bromine-based disinfectant. This review summarises chemical contaminants and DBPs in swimming pool waters, as well as in the air above pools. Factors that have been found to affect DBP formation in pools are discussed. The impact of the swimming pool environment on human health is reviewed. 相似文献
23.
Daniel L. Leedy Carl D. Monk J. G. Warren Viessman Jr. Harold D. Foster EL James R. Brindell John B. Williams Paul E. Miller Harley J. Speir Richard McLean James Uphoff Worrall R. Carter Mark M. Bundy R. Steven Early SCW Eugene Meyer Y. J. Kim Charles Grigalauski Laurence Steinman Mohan K. Wali 《Environmental management》1982,6(1):73-86
24.
James F. A. Traniello Marty S. Fujita Rhys V. Bowen 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1984,15(1):65-68
Summary When prey of two sizes (6 and 32 mg) were offered in a choice situation to foragers of the ant Formica schaufussi at different ambient temperatures, significantly more workers rejected the smaller prey at low temperatures, whereas at high temperatures workers accepted the less profitable smaller item. Foragers scavenge for arthropod prey over a temperature range of 15–40°C, and increasing temperature significantly increases a forager's oxygen consumption, an index of energy expenditure. 相似文献