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排序方式: 共有210条查询结果,搜索用时 453 毫秒
81.
Yunyu Pan Gerwin F. Koopmans Luc T. C. Bonten Jing Song Yongming Luo Erwin J. M. Temminghoff Rob N. J. Comans 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2016,38(6):1355-1372
Alternating flooding and drainage conditions have a strong influence on redox chemistry and the solubility of trace metals in paddy soils. However, current knowledge of how the effects of water management on trace metal solubility are linked to trace metal uptake by rice plants over time is still limited. Here, a field-contaminated paddy soil was subjected to two flooding and drainage cycles in a pot experiment with two rice plant cultivars, exhibiting either high or low Cd accumulation characteristics. Flooding led to a strong vertical gradient in the redox potential (Eh). The pH and Mn, Fe, and dissolved organic carbon concentrations increased with decreasing Eh and vice versa. During flooding, trace metal solubility decreased markedly, probably due to sulfide mineral precipitation. Despite its low solubility, the Cd content in rice grains exceeded the food quality standards for both cultivars. Trace metal contents in different rice plant tissues (roots, stem, and leaves) increased at a constant rate during the first flooding and drainage cycle but decreased after reaching a maximum during the second cycle. As such, the high temporal variability in trace metal solubility was not reflected in trace metal uptake by rice plants over time. This might be due to the presence of aerobic conditions and a consequent higher trace metal solubility near the root surface, even during flooding. Trace metal solubility in the rhizosphere should be considered when linking water management to trace metal uptake by rice over time. 相似文献
82.
83.
Projecting Land-Use Change and Its Consequences for Biodiversity in Northern Thailand 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Rapid deforestation has occurred in northern Thailand over the last few decades and it is expected to continue. The government
has implemented conservation policies aimed at maintaining forest cover of 50% or more and promoting agribusiness, forestry,
and tourism development in the region. The goal of this paper was to analyze the likely effects of various directions of development
on the region. Specific objectives were (1) to forecast land-use change and land-use patterns across the region based on three
scenarios, (2) to analyze the consequences for biodiversity, and (3) to identify areas most susceptible to future deforestation
and high biodiversity loss. The study combined a dynamic land-use change model (Dyna-CLUE) with a model for biodiversity assessment
(GLOBIO3). The Dyna-CLUE model was used to determine the spatial patterns of land-use change for the three scenarios. The
methodology developed for the Global Biodiversity Assessment Model framework (GLOBIO 3) was used to estimate biodiversity
intactness expressed as the remaining relative mean species abundance (MSA) of the original species relative to their abundance
in the primary vegetation. The results revealed that forest cover in 2050 would mainly persist in the west and upper north
of the region, which is rugged and not easily accessible. In contrast, the highest deforestation was expected to occur in
the lower north. MSA values decreased from 0.52 in 2002 to 0.45, 0.46, and 0.48, respectively, for the three scenarios in
2050. In addition, the estimated area with a high threat to biodiversity (an MSA decrease >0.5) derived from the simulated
land-use maps in 2050 was approximately 2.8% of the region for the trend scenario. In contrast, the high-threat areas covered
1.6 and 0.3% of the region for the integrated-management and conservation-oriented scenarios, respectively. Based on the model
outcomes, conservation measures were recommended to minimize the impacts of deforestation on biodiversity. The model results
indicated that only establishing a fixed percentage of forest was not efficient in conserving biodiversity. Measures aimed
at the conservation of locations with high biodiversity values, limited fragmentation, and careful consideration of road expansion
in pristine forest areas may be more efficient to achieve biodiversity conservation. 相似文献
84.
This paper provides a case study of recent work undertaken in Melbourne relating to a mall re-development project. It begins by discussing the nature of shopping centres as sites of consumption and non-commercial social activities. It then describes planning and development strategies that provide innovative and socially progressive interventions in regard to the social, physical and regulatory environments of public malls. The importance of seeing such sites as 'community spaces', of promoting activities on the basis of social inclusion, of creating a safe, convivial atmosphere, and of establishing low-key friendly sorts of mall management, are highlighted. 相似文献
85.
A government-funded scheme, the UK Climate Change Communications Initiative (UKCCCI), has provided money for organisations to deliver projects that attempt to impact positively on people's attitudes towards climate change. This devolution of communications is a relatively novel approach after previous centralised campaigns. This paper considers what size of target audience is most appropriate for attitude change initiatives. It compares data from a regional UKCCCI project aimed at residents of two counties with a nationally representative dataset. Regional data are also analysed to see if there are differences in attitudes within the two-counties target audience. The study suggests that attitude change interventions must strike a balance between personalisation of information and the higher cost of targeting smaller groups with more specific material. 相似文献
86.
87.
China has now the largest annual outputs of galvanized steel and the most amount of galvanizing plants in the world. However, with obsolete technology, the hot dip galvanizing industry has been proved as one of the industries, which consume large amounts of raw materials and energy, produce numerous pollutants and causes serious contamination in China. Cleaner Production in the hot dip galvanizing industry is now the only way to achieve the sustainable development of hot dip galvanizing industry. The implementation of the Common Fund for Commodities (CFC) project: The Transfer of Technology and Promotion of demand: Batch hot dip galvanizing in China launched by International Zinc Association (IZA) is introduced in this paper, The Best Available Technologies of operation, energy and environmental management in the world are also introduced. With the implementation of the project, an assessment system of Cleaner Production and a training system have been developed and implementation of technical updating to the demonstration plant shows that the reduction of zinc loss, and water and fuel cost savings can be achieved. It is believed that the methodology of the project can be applied throughout China as the galvanizers see the cost benefits. 相似文献
88.
The release of inorganic and organic contaminants from municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) bottom ash is controlled to a large extent by the release of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and in particular by the reactive humic (HA) and fulvic acids (FA) subfractions of DOC. The properties of organic matter contributing to the release of DOC, HA and FA are, therefore, important for environmental risk assessment. In this study we have quantitatively measured the carbon speciation, and its relation with the leaching of Cu, in three fresh and carbonated MSWI bottom ash samples. Results show that up to only 25% of loss on ignition (LOI) consists of organic carbon (OC), while about 17% of OC in the three samples consists of HA and FA. Up to 50% of DOC in MSWI bottom ash leachates was identified as fulvic acid (FA). This value is substantially higher than previously estimated for these MSWI bottom ash samples and is consistent with the higher recovery of the new method that was applied. The results of this study imply that methods focusing on specific carbon fractions are more appropriate for assessment of environmentally relevant organic carbon species than the measurement of LOI. 相似文献
89.
90.
Sheng Fulai Gary Flomenhoft Timothy J. Downs MaÁngeles Grande‐Ortiz Dana Graef Bert Scholtens Arthur P.J. Mol David A. Sonnenfeld Gert Spaargaren Rajeev K. Goel Edward W.T. Hsieh Serban Scrieciu Reinhard Steurer Christine Polzin Genia Kostka Tiho Ancev Elke Pirgmaier Frank Boons Karl‐Henrik Robèrt Christopher Bryant Ke Zhou Surya Raj Acharya David Huberman Denis J. Sonwa Michelle Mycoo Dabo Guan Klaus Hubacek U. Rashid Sumaila Hector G. Lopez‐Ruiz G. Jason Jolley Michael L. Dougherty André Francisco Pilon Ravi Prakash Tulus Tambunan Sebastian Hermann 《Natural resources forum》2011,35(1):63-72