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411.
Risk management of terrorist attacks in the transport of hazardous materials using dynamic geoevents
Maria Francesca Milazzo Giuseppa Ancione Roberto Lisi Chiara Vianello Giuseppe Maschio 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2009,22(5):625
This paper focuses attention on emergency management associated with a terrorist attack in the transport of hazardous materials in urban areas. The case study is in an urban area, a potential target for terrorist attacks due to its high vulnerability. Since it is not possible to predict where and when an attack will occur, the risk associated with terrorism is complex. It is only possible to identify the critical points for potential actions where counter measure must be applied. In the case of incidents which evolve relatively slowly, mitigation actions can be applied. The use of dynamic geoevents permits the immediate location of the event on a georeferenced map and the possibility of having a dynamic evolution of the scenario and of the number of people involved. The dynamic scenario has been created using the output of a consequence simulation code and a GIS software. Some assumptions were necessary but, since the aim of the paper is to define the procedure for the construction of the dynamic geoevent, these can be considered acceptable. The method will be further implemented in future. 相似文献
412.
413.
David Costantini Andrea Bonisoli-Alquati Diego Rubolini Manuela Caprioli Roberto Ambrosini Maria Romano Nicola Saino 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2014,101(7):541-548
Reproduction is a demanding activity, since organisms must produce and, in some cases, protect and provision their progeny. Hence, a central tenet of life-history theory predicts that parents have to trade parental care against body maintenance. One physiological cost thought to be particularly important as a modulator of such trade-offs is oxidative stress. However, evidence in favour of the hypothesis of an oxidative cost of reproduction is contradictory. In this study, we manipulated the brood size of wild barn swallows Hirundo rustica soon after hatching of their nestlings to test whether an increase in nestling rearing effort translates into an increased oxidative damage and a decreased antioxidant protection at the end of the nestling rearing period. We found that, while plasma oxidative damage was unaffected by brood size enlargement, females rearing enlarged broods showed a decrease in plasma non-enzymatic antioxidants during the nestling rearing period. This was not the case among females rearing reduced broods and among males assigned to either treatment. Moreover, individuals with higher plasma oxidative damage soon after the brood size manipulation had lower plasma non-enzymatic antioxidants at the end of the nestling rearing period, suggesting that non-enzymatic antioxidants were depleted to buffer the negative effects of high oxidative damage. Our findings point to antioxidant depletion as a potential mechanism mediating the cost of reproduction among female birds. 相似文献
414.
Roberto García Fernández Consuelo Pizarro García Antonio Gutiérrez Lavín Julio L. Bueno de las Heras José Juan Pis 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(5):1151-1157
The aim of this work consists on determining biomass fuels properties and studying their relation with fixed and variable costs of stores and handling systems. To do that, dimensions (length and diameter), bulk density, particle density and durability of several brands and batches of wood pellets and briquettes were tested, according to international standards. Obtained results were compared with those in literature. Bulk density tests were applied for several other biomass fuels too, and later used to determinate which ones of all the biomass-fuels tested are economically more profitable for a typical transport/store system made of a screw conveyor and a concrete bunker silo. 相似文献
415.
Silvia Becagli Emiliano Castellano Omar Cerri Mark Curran Massimo Frezzotti Federica Marino Andrea Morganti Marco Proposito Mirko Severi Rita Traversi Roberto Udisti 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(5):1051-1058
Firn core methanesulphonic acid (MSA) stratigraphy from Talos Dome (East Antarctica) was compared with anomalies of the satellite-measured sea ice extent (1973–1995) in the Ross Sea and Wilkes Land oceanic sector. In spite of the sparseness of sea ice data, the MSA maxima fit with many positive sea ice anomalies in the Ross Sea. This evidence suggests that marine biogenic activity enhanced by large sea ice cover is an important, but not exclusive, factor in controlling MSA concentration in snow precipitation at Talos Dome. Other than source intensity, differences in regional atmospheric transport mechanisms affect the arrival of MSA-rich aerosol at Talos Dome. To clarify the role of transport processes in bringing biogenic aerosol to Talos Dome, a spectral analysis was applied to the MSA, SOI (South Oscillation Index), and SAM (Southern Annular Mode) record. Synchronicity or phase shift between the chemical signature and atmospheric circulation modes were tested. The variations in the MSA profile have a periodicity of 6.9, 4.9, 3.5, and 2.9 years. The 6.9 and 2.9 year periodicities show a strong positive correlation and are synchronous with corresponding SOI periodicity. This variability could be related to an increase in MSA source intensity (by dimethylsulphide from phytoplanktonic activity) linked to the sea ice extent in the Ross Sea area, but also to an increased strength in transport processes. Both of these factors are correlated with La Niña events (SOI positive values). Furthermore, SAM positive values are related to an increased sea ice extent in the Ross Sea sector and show two main periodicities 3.3 and 3.8 years. These periodicities determine the MSA variability at 3.5 years. However, the effect of intensification of the polar vortex and the consequent reduction in transport process intensity, which reduce the delivery of air masses enriched in MSA from oceanic areas to Talos Dome, make the effect of the SAM on the MSA concentration at Talos Dome less active than the SOI. In this way, snow deposition at the Talos Dome records larger MSA concentration by the combined effects of increased source emissions and more efficient transport processes. The MSA record from Talos Dome can therefore be considered a reliable proxy of sea ice extent when the effect of changes in transport processes in this region of Antarctica is considered. Over the previous 140 years, these conditions occur with a periodicity of 6.9 years. 相似文献
416.
417.
Mirna H. R. Seleghim Simone P. de Lira Patrícia T. Campana Roberto G. S. Berlinck Marcio R. Custódio 《Marine Biology》2007,150(5):967-975
Ascidians are a notable source of nitrogen-bearing secondary metabolites with a wide range of biological activities. Although
many biologically active compounds have been isolated from ascidians, it is often unclear whether the animal or associated
microbial symbionts such as bacteria or fungi are the true biosynthetic source of the metabolites. We have addressed the question
of the biosynthetic source of the alkaloids granulatimide and isogranulatimides by localizing these compounds within the ascidian.
In this work, we demonstrate that granulatimide is stored in Didemnum
granulatum tunic bladder cells. Analysis by confocal fluorescence microscopy at the granulatimide emission range indicated the presence
of fluorescent cells as highly vacuolated cells found dispersed in the ascidian tunic. Since this is the most exposed ascidian
tissue, it is possible that these alkaloids may have a protective role, either as sunscreens and/or as feeding deterrents. 相似文献
418.
Clara Musa Roberta Licheri Antonio Mario Locci Roberto Orrù Giacomo Cao Miguel Angel Rodriguez Lucyna Jaworska 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2009,17(9):877-882
The conventional (hot pressing or HP) and the novel (spark plasma sintering or SPS) consolidation techniques were compared when processing Ti–Al2O3–TiC powders obtained by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). It was found that the two different methods are able to produce similar materials, in some cases (Vickers hardness and wear rate) slightly better for SPSed samples. However, SPS does not need sintering temperatures as high as HP to obtain fully dense products. Most significantly, processing times were strongly reduced when adopting the SPS technique instead of HP, i.e. 4–7 min and about 5 h, respectively. Finally, when the total energies required during each SPS or HP experiment were compared, it was found that the use of the SPS technology allowed for an energy saving in the order of 90–95%. This fact makes SPS significantly advantageous from environmental and economical points of view compared to HP. 相似文献
419.
Félix-Valenzuela Leticia Molina-Chavarria Alejandro Enríquez-Hernández Carmen Itzé Bolado-Martínez Enrique Durazo-Arvizu María de los Ángeles Dórame-Castillo Roberto Cano-Rangel Manuel Alberto Mata-Haro Verónica 《Food and environmental virology》2020,12(4):355-360
Food and Environmental Virology - Norovirus (NoV) is an important etiological agent of diarrhea in children and adults. In Mexico, NoV screening is not routinely performed. NoV is highly infectious... 相似文献
420.
Saskia Van Gaever Leon Moodley Francesca Pasotti Marco Houtekamer Jack J. Middelburg Roberto Danovaro Ann Vanreusel 《Marine Biology》2009,156(6):1289-1296
We report the results of a detailed investigation on the trophoecology of two dominant meiofaunal species at the Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano (HMMV), a deep-sea cold methane-venting seep. Analyses of fatty acids (FAs) and their stable carbon isotopes were used to determine the importance of chemosynthetic nutritional pathways for the dominant copepod species (morphologically very similar to Tisbe wilsoni) inhabiting the volcano’s centre and the abundant nematode Halomonhystera disjuncta from the surrounding microbial mats. The strong dominance of bacterial biomarkers (16:1ω7c, 18:1ω7c and 16:1ω8c) coupled with their individual light carbon isotopes signatures (δ13C ranging from ?52 to ?81‰) and the lack of symbiotic relationships with prokaryotes (as revealed by molecular analyses and fluorescent in situ hybridisation) indicated that chemosynthetically derived carbon constitutes the main diet of both species. However, the copepod showed a stronger reliance on the utilisation of methanotrophic bacteria and contained polyunsaturated FAs of bacterial origin (20:5ω3 and 22:6ω3 with isotope signatures δ13C < ?80‰). Instead, the FA profiles of H. disjuncta suggested that sulphide-oxidising bacteria constituted the main diet of this nematode. Therefore, HMMV can be regarded as a persistent deep-sea cold seep, allowing a chemosynthesis-based trophic specialisation by the dominant meiofaunal species inhabiting its sediments. The present investigation, through the determination of the fatty acid profiles, provides the first evidence for trophic specialisation of meiofauna associated with sub-habitats within a cold seep. 相似文献