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131.
132.
Sheikh Md Rajiuddin Tenna Jensen Tina Beck Hansen Anna Charlotte Schultz 《Food and environmental virology》2020,12(3):226-239
Detection of norovirus (NoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) on fruits and vegetables using current standard methodologies can be inefficient. Method optimisat 相似文献
133.
134.
Roger W. Parker Timothy D. Phillips Leon F. Kubena Leon H. Russell Norman D. Heidelbaugh 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(2):77-91
Abstract Penicillic acid and ochratoxin A are environmentally important toxic fungal metabolites (mycotoxins) that are synergistic in combination. The effects of penicillic acid on the pancreatic enzyme, :arboxypeptidase A were investigated in vitro and in vivo. A broad range of inhibition in vitro of the enzyme by PA was demonstrated with a half‐maximal inhibitory concentration equal to 1.1 x 10‐4M PA. Inhibition of carboxypeptidase A was time and temperature dependent, and resulted in decreased conversion of parent ochratoxin A to the non‐toxic metabolite, ochratoxin alpha. Studies in vivo demonstrated a penicillic acid‐dependent inhibition of pancreatic carboxypeptidase A activity in the mouse and the chicken following multiple oral exposure. It is postulated that the mode of toxic interaction of the two mycotoxins may be due, in part, to impaired detoxification of ochratoxin A through peni‐cillic acid depletion of carboxypeptidase A activity. 相似文献
135.
Jean-Luc de Kok Guy Engelen Roger White Herman G. Wind 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2001,6(2):123-132
RaMCo is a prototype version of a decision-support system for coastal-zone management. The model is based on the findings of a multidisiciplinary research program, conducted in Southwest Sulawesi, Indonesia. Different management strategies can be compared on the basis of the short- and long-term consequences. Land-use change has been included in RaMCo in view of the impacts of land-based human activities on the marine environment. The key aspect of the model is a combination of the temporal dynamics of land-use change on the regional (macro-level) scale and spatial dynamics on the local (micro-level) scale. Constrained cellular automata are used to integrate both scale levels. The state changes of the cells depend on the consistency with the macro-scale model, local geographical conditions, and interaction with neighboring cells. In this paper, we discuss the underlying theoretical assumptions of the macro-scale and micro-scale models, some characteristic results for land-use change in the study area, and the validation problem. 相似文献
136.
137.
Anna Bozzano Patricia M. Pankhurst Natalie A. Moltschaniwskyj Roger Villanueva 《Marine Biology》2009,156(7):1359-1373
Eye development, optical properties and photomechanical responses were examined in embryos and hatchlings of the southern
calamary, Sepioteuthis australis. This species occurs in shallow coastal waters in Australia and New Zealand, and the egg masses were collected in October
and December 2004 from Great Oyster Bay, Tasmania. At the earliest developmental stage the eye of the squid was comprised
of a hemispherical cup of undifferentiated neural retina, while presumptive iris cell layers and lentigenic precursor cells
enclosed a posterior eye chamber. Differentiation of the proximal and distal processes was observed in correspondence with
the cornea development and lens crystallization, and occurred before differentiation of the neural retina, which was complete
prior to hatching. Longer photoreceptor distal processes were first observed just prior to hatching in the dorsal-posterior
retina. After hatching, this difference was much more evident and higher photoreceptor density was found in the central retina.
This indicates that the eye of S. australis at this age uses different retina areas for different visual tasks. Optical sensitivity and resolution suggest that juvenile
S. australis are diurnal. This study also found functional photomechanical responses of visual screening pigment migration and pupil constriction
in S. australis embryos, although complete functionality of the pupil at this stage was uncertain. However, the pupils of squid aged 2 days
closed almost completely under bright conditions, showing that photomechanical responses were highly developed in the juvenile
squid. These findings indicate that squid embryos are able to perceive visual stimulation, suggesting an early reliance on
vision for survival after hatching. 相似文献
138.
Noel de Nevers J. Roger Morris 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(9):943-947
The rollback or proportional model is widely used in pollution control calculations and included in the guidelines for preparing and evaluating state implementation plans. Its basis and limitations are not widely known or understood. In this paper, the basis and limitations of rollback are listed and discussed, and extensions of basic rollback are proposed. 相似文献
139.
S.P. Kucera J.M. Swann J.R. Kennedy T.W. Schultz 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):779-799
Abstract The effects of the fungicide benomyl and its breakdown products, carbendazim and butyl isocyanate, were examined on canine tracheal epithelial tissue in primary culture. Changes in ciliary frequencies were monitored with an optical spectrum analysis system. Serial dilutions of the test compounds were prepared in 100% corn oil and applied to the cell cultures for intervals up to 6 hours and frequencies measured at intervals of 15 minutes to 1 hour. Benomyl and butyl isocyanate caused concentration‐dependent decreases in ciliary beat frequency. Benomyl at 300 μg/ml (3 mM) caused ciliostasis within 75 minutes of exposure. Butyl isocyanate at a molar concentration three times lower than benomyl (1 mM) caused a similar response, although within 30 minutes. The IBC50 for benomyl was 0.75 mM, while for butyl isocyanate it was 0.52 mM. Carbendazim caused a moderate decrease in frequency over a 6 hour exposure period. Benomyl caused moderate to severe swelling of the mitochondria of ciliated epithelial cells with other cell organelles appearing normal. Butyl isocyanate did not cause any noticeable effect on cell ultrastructure and the apparently low rate of penetration of carbendazim into cells made it impossible to obtain an effect which justified ultrastructural analysis. It appears, at least for benomyl and butyl isocyanate, that while the physiological effect of these two compounds (inhibition of ciliary beat) is the same, the sites of action in the cell may be different. 相似文献
140.