高95井硫化氢处理及防治措施研究

文章分析总结了硫化氢对钻井的影响及在钻井中应注意的事项,并结合胜利油田高95井现场取芯钻井过程中硫化氢六次高显示的处理工艺,提出了主要防治措施,对该区块的高含硫化氢井有参考借鉴价值。     

Enhancement of chlorophenol sorption on soil by geophagous earthworms (Metaphire guillelmi)

Earthworms are the dominant soil biomass of many terrestrial ecosystems and markedly influence the physico-chemical and biological properties of soil; however, little is known about the effects of earthworm activities on the environmental behavior of micropollutants in soil. We studied the sorption and desorption of 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, and pentachlorophenol on geophagous earthworm (anecic Metaphire guillelmi) casts of various aging times and on the parent soil. The casts were characteristic of lower pH and higher content of fine particles (silt and clay) than the parent soil. The sorption of the chlorophenols on the soil and casts were well fitted to linear isotherms, with sorption capacity in the order of pentachlorophenol > 2,4-dichlorophenol > 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. The sorption on the cast with different aging time was quite similar and was higher than on the parent soil. The sorption on the soil did not change between pH 7.07 of the soil and pH 6.76 of the casts. The desorption hysteresis of the chlorophenols on the soil and casts was compound specific and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol showed the highest hysteresis. The higher sorption capacity of the casts was not owing to the lowered pH of the casts, but mainly to the higher fine particles in the casts and the possible changes of nature of the soil organic matter through the earthworm gut passage. Our results indicate that geophagous earthworms may change sorption behavior and thus the bioavailability and transport of chlorophenols in soil. Earthworm effects should be considered when evaluating the environmental behavior and risk of organic pollutants in the ecosystems where earthworms are abundant.     

Increased urinary 8-hydroxy-2��-deoxyguanosine levels in workers exposed to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in a waste plastic recycling site in China

Background

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a common plasticizer used in industrial and diverse consumer products. Animal studies indicate DEHP caused developmental, reproductive, and hepatic toxicities. However, human studies of the potential effects of DEHP are limited.

Methods

The exposed site with a history of over 20 years of waste plastic recycling was located in Hunan Province, China. The reference site without known DEHP pollution source was about 50 km far away from the exposed site. In this study, 181 workers working in plastic waste recycling and 160 gender?Cage matched farmers were recruited. DEHP concentrations in water and cultivated soil samples, serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), urinary 8-hydroxy-2??-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and micronuclei frequency in human capillary blood lymphocytes were analyzed.

Results

Mean levels of DEHP were greater in environment at the recycling site than at reference site (industry wastewater for the exposed: 42.43 ??g/l; well water: 14.20 vs. 0.79 ??g/l, pond water: 135.68 vs. 0.37 ??g/l, cultivated soil: 13.07 vs. 0.81 mg/kg, p?p?p?Conclusions The occupational DEHP exposure might contribute to oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid damage in the male workers.     

基于成本-效能分析的氧化沟工艺运行条件优化

在利用ASM2d模型对城市污水处理厂氧化沟工艺进行动态模拟的基础上,将曝气能耗、污泥产量与出水水质超标率整合为一个综合效能指数,对该工艺进行了成本-效能分析。最优运行策略为:3～10月温度高于15℃时运行8台曝气转刷,其余时间段运行10台转刷,同时剩余污泥排放量控制在250 m3/d。这一策略能够使出水NH4-N和TN的超标率分别低于5%和2%,保证出水TP的持续达标,与常规运行策略相比,在明显降低氮磷超标率的同时,节省曝气能耗约12%。     

高压脉冲放电等离子体对水中土霉素的降解

采用针-板式高压脉冲放电等离子体降解水中土霉素,考察了放电输出功率、空气流量、电极间距、溶液初始浓度、初始pH、初始电导率和添加Fe2+的量对土霉素去除率的影响。实验结果表明,高压脉冲放电等离子体对水中土霉素有较好的去除效率,在初始浓度200 mg/L,放电功率64 W,电极间距8 mm,空气流速0.05 m3/h,初始pH为2.6,初始电导率1.083 mS/cm条件下,反应12 min后,土霉素的去除率可达97%。向溶液中添加Fe2+,可提高土霉素的去除率。TOC随着反应时间的延长逐渐减小,反应12 min时,TOC去除率可达57%,说明大分子物质被降解为小分子物质,部分被完全矿化为CO2和H2O。     

曝气池气泡羽流数值模拟及其氧转移影响

结合水流大涡模拟和气泡的颗粒轨道模型建立了曝气池气泡羽流数学模型,依据实测的气泡直径分布在数学模型中设定了10组气泡尺寸。通过对曝气池物理模型的数值模拟和清水氧转移测定实验研究了气泡羽流的流动特性及其对氧转移的影响。结果表明,曝气池内水流在气泡羽流中心区两侧形成环流,在底部区域水流流速的方向基本上是向上的;在距曝气器0.4 m以上的高度上气泡群发生横向摆动,摆动幅度随高度增加而变大;溶解氧的分布主要由水流对流作用决定,水流的扩散作用对溶解氧的传输效果可忽略;曝气池内氧总转移系数在不同地方的相差较小,在通气量为2 m3/h,面积为3 m2的曝气池内最大相对差值约为10%。     

Three major nucleolar proteins migrate from nucleolus to nucleoplasm and cytoplasm in root tip cells of Vicia faba L. exposed to aluminum

Results from our previous investigation indicated that Al could affect the nucleolus and induce extrusion of silver-staining nucleolar particles containing argyrophilic proteins from the nucleolus into the cytoplasm in root tip cells of Vicia faba L. So far, the nucleolar proteins involved have not been identified. It is well known that nucleophosmin (B23), nucleolin (C23), and fibrillarin are three major and multifunctional nucleolar proteins. Therefore, effects of Al on B23, C23, and fibrillarin in root tip cells of V. faba exposed to 100 μM Al for 48 h were observed and analyzed using indirect immunofluorescence microscopy and Western blotting. The results from this work demonstrated that after 100 μM of Al treatment for 48 h, B23 and C23 migrated from the nucleolus to the cytoplasm and fibrillarin from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm. In some cells, fibrillarin was present only in the cytoplasm. Western blotting data revealed higher expression of the three major nucleolar proteins in Al-treated roots compared with the control and that the B23 content increased markedly. These findings confirmed our previous observations.     

银钛共负载型光催化材料降解甲基橙废水

以膨胀珍珠岩为载体,采用溶胶凝胶法对其进行负载,制备出不同类型的光催化材料（TiO2．EP、Ag＋-TiO2-EP）,并在模拟日光条件下,研究其对甲基橙溶液的降解效果。结果表明,浸渍3次且担载0．04％Ag＋的负载型TiO2光催化活性最高,在光催化剂用量为0．3g,20mL初始浓度为10mg／L甲基橙溶液光照4h后降解率可达81．6％,且甲基橙的光催化降解服从一级动力学方程。回收3次后仍有较强的活性,其2h降解率为24．8％。     

淡水养殖水体溶解氧含量诊断分析及浮头泛塘气象预报

通过实时监测荆州农试站养殖塘各种水质要素,结合2011~2012年养殖塘发生的25个鱼泛塘实例,探讨了养殖水体溶解氧含量与气象要素之间的联系。分析表明:养殖水体溶解氧含量与6 h变温、总辐射量、气压值正相关,与水温、空气相对湿度值负相关。从平时的调查记录来看,鱼泛塘事件主要发生在5~10月间,湿度大、气温低、气压下降、日照强度弱等都会引起溶解氧含量低,严重的会诱发鱼泛塘。根据25个鱼泛塘实例,结合气象要素的特点,提出了急剧降温降压型、寡照型、高温高热型3种鱼泛塘发生条件的概念模型,分别以实例进行了验证,并初步总结出根据气象要素观测资料进行浮头泛塘预报的方法和流程     

江苏省湖泊遥感监测及10年动态变化分析

以多时相Landsat TM/ETM+影像和HJ CCD影像为数据源,提取江苏省2000、2005及2010年湖泊,分析江苏省湖泊10年的水域面积变化及驱动力。研究结果显示,江苏省湖泊三期水域面积分别为5 90223、5 89191和5 88319 km2,全省湖泊面积整体相对稳定,但单个湖泊变化差异较大,变化最明显的是洪泽湖和白马湖。洪泽湖及白马湖10年的动态变化表明,洪泽湖变化主要位于西南方向,白马湖变化明显的是西南与东北方向。进一步从人为和自然因素对其变化驱动力进行分析,结果表明,10年间洪泽湖和白马湖周边区域气温升高、降水量及入湖水量的减少是造成水面减小的重要自然因素;洪泽湖10年间面积加权的平均拼块分形维数（AWMPFD）变化不大,2000、2005及2010年分别为1161 0、1162 1和1159 0,处于相对稳定状态;白马湖10年间AWMPFD持续下降,从2000年的1274 5到2005年的1239 6,再到2010年的1211 3。因此,人为活动影响及湖周土地利用方式的变化是湖泊水域面积萎缩的重要人为因素