Cu2+、Zn2+对生物脱氮系统的影响

Cu²⁺和Zn²⁺是污水处理工艺中经常遇到的金属离子。在驯化好的活性污泥系统中,研究了金属离子Cu²⁺和Zn²⁺在0～100 mg/L浓度下对活性污泥生物脱氮系统的影响。试验发现Cu²⁺＞5 mg/L、Zn²⁺＞30 mg/L时,对硝化过程具有明显的抑制作用,在同样浓度的试验条件下Cu²⁺对硝化过程的抑制作用比Zn²⁺大。Cu²⁺≤0.5 mg/L时对反硝化过程具有一定的促进作用,有助于提高TN的去除效果;Cu²⁺＞0.5 mg/L时,对反硝化产生抑制作用,随着浓度的增加,TN去除率逐渐下降。Zn²⁺不影响反硝化过程,仅在大于30 mg/L时,对硝化过程产生抑制作用。重金属Cu²⁺对生物脱氮系统的影响明显强于Zn²⁺。     

强化我国引进环境保护技术宏观调控的探讨

１０年来,我国引进环境保护技术近万项,总金额近千亿元。如何充分发挥引进环境保护技术的作用,推动我国环境科学技术的进步,必须对我国引进环境保护技术进行宏观调控,本文对建立和完善我国引进环境保护技术运行机制等进行了探讨。     

Dissipation behavior and risk assessment of butralin in soybean and soil under field conditions

Dissipation behavior, final residue, and risk assessment of butralin in soybean, green soybean, plant, and soil were investigated. Butralin residues were extracted with acetonitrile and then soybean samples were detected with gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and soil samples were determined with GC with nitrogen phosphorous detector (GC-NPD). The limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method was 0.01 mg/kg for soybean, green soybean, plant, and soil. Average recoveries ranged from 90.4 ~ 98.2% for green soybean, 86.2 ~ 86.6% for soybean, 86.0 ~ 98.8% for plant, and 85.0 ~ 106.8% for soil. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 2.0 ~ 7.2% for green soybean, 2.0 ~ 3.0% for soybean, 3.1 ~ 8.1% for plant, and 1.8 ~ 6.6% for soil. Half-lives of butralin in soil samples varied in the range of 11–22 days. At harvest time, final residues of butralin in soybean and green soybean were lower than LOQ. Risk assessment demonstrated that, at recommended dosage and frequency, butralin would not induce significant harm on humans. The study could be used as a quantitative basis for application of butralin on soybean.     

环境标准样品在国家地表水采测分离工作中的应用

按照《国家地表水环境质量监测网监测任务作业指导书(试行)》中实验室分析测试的质量保证和质量控制要求,结合江苏省南京环境监测中心的实际工作,综合分析2017年10月—2018年8月间国家地表水采测分离工作中环境标准样品在样品测试准确度验证、检测人员能力确认、检测设备期间核查及关键化学试剂检查等方面的应用情况。为保障环境监测结果量值溯源的统一性、准确性、一致性和可比性,提出丰富水环境标准样品的浓度水平、解决标准样品供需不平衡问题、改善消耗量大的标准样品操作方法、建立环境标准样品使用信息共享平台等实践建议,为合理提升环境标准样品应用效能、有效保证水环境监测数据质量提供参考。     

Spatial and temporal variation of soil organic carbon in the North China Plain

The organic carbon, permeability test, grain size, chemical composition, and mineral composition were analyzed for 147 samples collected from the Luan River catchment, Hebei province, China, to quantitatively characterize the effects of land use, climate change, sedimentary environment, mineral composition, and chemical composition on the spatial and temporal variation of soil organic carbon (SOC). The results indicate that there was higher SOC content and stronger variation in the south plain than in the northern low mountain. The effects of land use, climate change, and sedimentary environment on SOC distribution were greater than the effects of mineral composition and chemical composition. The cropping systems in the Luan River catchment resulted in significant difference in SOC concentration between the south plain and north mountain. The precipitation mainly transmitted its effects through the sedimentary environment to SOC, which caused the stronger temporal variation in SOC from June to October in the south plain. The north mountain did not have significant temporal variation because of the lower hydraulic conductivity of the sedimentary sequence. The spatial variation of SOC was correlated with land use, and their temporal variation was attributed to climate change and sedimentary environment. Apart from land use, the decision maker can also affect the organic carbon mineral and sequence through the sedimentary environment.     

基于成本-效能分析的氧化沟工艺运行条件优化

在利用ASM2d模型对城市污水处理厂氧化沟工艺进行动态模拟的基础上,将曝气能耗、污泥产量与出水水质超标率整合为一个综合效能指数,对该工艺进行了成本-效能分析。最优运行策略为:3～10月温度高于15℃时运行8台曝气转刷,其余时间段运行10台转刷,同时剩余污泥排放量控制在250 m3/d。这一策略能够使出水NH4-N和TN的超标率分别低于5%和2%,保证出水TP的持续达标,与常规运行策略相比,在明显降低氮磷超标率的同时,节省曝气能耗约12%。     

加入WTO后的中国土地市场

运用比较方法,分析了中国土地市场现状,探讨了加入WTO后我国农村和城市土地市场可能在土地市场供需、土地利用方式、土地市场运行、土地市场中介服务、土地管理及土地市场科学研究六方面受到的影响,并针对这些影响提出了在WTO环境下发展我国土地市场的五个对策.     

浅议企业管理体系一体化模式

介绍了目前在企业内部推行的质量管理体系、职业健康安全管理体系、环境管理体系以及内部控制、企业文化、质量管理奖标准等的特点,分析了不同管理体系在企业管理中的不同优势和作用,提出了推行一体化管理的工作重点。文章指出,企业中有必要推行一体化管理体系模式,这种模式能提高企业的管理水平。     

辐射化学在环境激素研究中的应用

环境激素对地球生态系统带来严重威胁.大量难降解环境激素(如多氯联苯、二噁英)危害全球脆弱的生态环境,其直接后果之一就是人类乳腺癌等恶性疾病发病率急剧上升.因此,当今世界各国均十分重视环境激素的环境生物学机理研究.辐射化学作为一门高新技术,在环境激素污染物处理、降解机理与生命科学研究等方面可发挥重要作用,例如:同步辐射可用于直接观测溶液口的雌激素受体ER真实结构,脉冲辐解、激光光解和电子自旋共振用于研究环境激素活性瞬态粒子动力学等等.     

负载型纳米TiO2光催化剂的制备及其光催化活性

采用悬浮聚合法制备粉煤灰-聚苯乙烯微珠载体,通过矿化接枝技术将水热法制备的纳米TiO2负载在粉煤灰-聚苯乙烯微珠载体上,制成负载型纳米TiO2光催化剂。用x射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜对负载型纳米TiO2光催化剂进行了表征;通过光催化降解甲醛实验评价了负载型纳米TiO2光催化剂的活性。实验结果表明,纳米TiO2在载体上分散良好,平均粒径为36．4nm;该催化剂活性较高,明显优于粉体纳米TiO2光催化剂,重复使用10次左右,该催化剂的活性无明显下降。