The impact of particulate matter 2.5 on the risk of preeclampsia: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - There is increasing and inconsistent evidence of a linkage between maternal exposure to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and preeclampsia. Therefore,...     

消防自动喷水灭火系统的探讨

本文介绍了自动喷水灭火系统的发展和技术进步,阐述了自动喷水灭火系统的分类、结构和原理,指出了其应用优势和发展方向。     

1990~2015年青海省湖泊时空变化及其对气候变化的响应分析

湖泊作为陆地水圈重要组成部分，是揭示全球气候变化与区域响应的重要信息载体。利用遥感技术获取青海省1990~2015年湖泊时空变化特征，并结合近25 a青海省气温和降雨量的时空变化特征以探究湖泊对气候的响应。结果表明:近25 a，青海省湖泊面积从12 757 km2增加到15 167 km2，湖泊数量由241个增加到286个。不同区域湖泊时空变化存在差异，主要包括3个区域：东部地区（Ⅰ）、西北地区（Ⅱ）和西南地区（Ⅲ）。其中，降雨量的增加促进了Ⅰ区域湖泊面积和数量的增加，湖泊面积由7 173 km2增加到8 474 km2，湖泊数量增加19个。Ⅱ区域湖泊面积由1 369 km2增加到1 542 km2，湖泊数量增加7个。该区域主要地形为柴达木盆地，是我国干旱区之一，干燥少雨，湖泊面积较少且变化剧烈。其湖泊扩张主要是因为降雨量增加，而较强的蒸散发极易导致湖泊萎缩。Ⅲ区域湖泊面积由4 215 km2增加到5 152 km2，湖泊数量增加19个。湖泊扩张的主要原因为降雨量的增加和蒸发的减少。研究为青海省湖泊科学利用与水资源合理配置提供了基础数据。 关键词： 青海省；湖泊；时空变化；气候变化响应     

泡沫灭火剂环保性能评价及研究进展

泡沫灭火剂主要用于扑灭液体燃料火灾,是一类成分复杂的化学品。针对泡沫灭火剂的环境污染风险、国家标准《泡沫灭火剂》(GB 15308—2006)与《A类泡沫灭火剂》(GB 27897—2011)无环保性能指标等问题,介绍了各类泡沫灭火剂的环境污染风险,综述了国内外泡沫灭火剂环保性能评价方法的研究进展,对比了中国、美国、欧盟现行泡沫灭火剂标准中的环保性能评价指标与方法,指出:我国可采用生物毒性、BOD₅/TOC、总有机氟含量等作为泡沫灭火剂环保性能的评价指标。     

农地资源舒适性价值评估--以江苏省为例

舒适性价值是农地资源价值的重要组成部分,但这种非市场价值往往容易在公共决策中被忽视,从而导致大量农地资源被过分占用及农地资源内部配置的低效率。合理完整地评估农地资源的舒适性价值是促进农地资源持续利用的关键。目前,对农地资源舒适性价值的认识与研究,国内尚处在起步阶段。以江苏省为例,通过意愿调查法,采用半结构问卷调查和电话访谈,对不同行业和年龄的1 000名调查者进行调查,评估了江苏省耕地、草地、园地以及林地舒适性价值。研究表明,江苏省不同类型农地资源舒适性价值差异较大,这种差异与区域经济发展水平和地区文化紧密相关。在此基础上,核算了江苏省农地资源舒适性价值总量,农地资源舒适性价值总量高达25.13亿元/年。因此,在农地资源综合利用决策中,要重视将农地资源的舒适性价值纳入决策体系,从而促进农地资源的持续利用和合理流转。     

5种颗粒活性炭对水中卤乙酸的等温吸附试验

通过等温吸附实验,考察了5种不同类颗粒活性炭(GAC)对消毒副产物卤乙酸(HAAs)中致癌风险较高的二氯乙酸、三氯乙酸的吸附行为.结果表明:二氯乙酸、三氯乙酸的吸附行为符合Langmuir等温式;进口活性炭A对二氯乙酸饱和吸附量是3种国产活性炭的4.4～5.7倍,是另一种进口活性炭B的3.8倍;对三氯乙酸的饱和吸附量是3种国产活性炭的4.0～5.4倍,是另一种进口活性炭B的2.6倍.针对进口活性炭A开展的进一步研究结果表明,二氯乙酸、三氯乙酸2组分的相对吸附量与2组分的相对浓度成正比关系,二氯乙酸吸附容量变化对平衡浓度的敏感程度不如三氯乙酸.     

National evaluation of the effect of graduated driver licensing laws on teenager fatality and injury crashes

ProblemAutomobile crashes remain a prominent cause of death and injury for teenagers in the United States. While it is generally agreed that graduated drivers licensing (GDL) influences crash rates, it is unclear which components have the strongest effect on any specific types of crashes.MethodWe analyze the relative effect of different stages of GDL on teenage fatal and injury crash risk via a negative binomial generalized linear model with random state effects. Overall, nighttime, and crashes with multiple teenage passengers are considered.ResultsThe strongest effects are seen by 16-year-olds, for which a strict permit stage is associated with a 58% reduction in fatal crash risk over a lenient permit stage. Similar reductions are seen for injury crashes. The intermediate stage, involving nighttime and passenger restrictions, is associated with a 44% reduction in fatalities but has relatively little effect on injury crashes. The strongest effects are generally seen for passenger crashes, followed by nighttime, and then overall crashes.Impact on IndustryThis study identifies stronger relationships between GDL and crash risk than has previously been discovered and captures the relative effects of permit and intermediate licensing restrictions, two high-level components of GDL which differ in intent and implementation.     

Characterization of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) fractions produced by Microcystis aeruginosa under the stress of linoleic acid sustained-release microspheres

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This paper focuses on the characterization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which are composed of soluble EPS (SL-EPS), loosely bound EPS...     

Characterization and Cu sorption properties of humic acid from the decomposition of rice straw

Humic acid (HA) derived from rice straw decomposed for 1 (HA-1), 3 (HA-3), 6 (HA-6) and 12 (HA-12) months was characterized by potentiometric titration and solid-state cross-polarization magic-angle spinning ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CPMAS ¹³C NMR). The sorption of Cu on examined HA was investigated using a combination of batch sorption, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and sequential desorption. Results showed that the functional group content and the humification degree of HA tended to increase with increasing decomposition time especially in the latter stage of examined decomposition period. Cu sorption on HA was a rapid process that occurred within the first 1 h and the sorption capacity increased from 245.4 mmol kg⁻¹ on HA-1 to 294.6 mmol kg⁻¹ on HA-12. The sorption of Cu was endothermic, spontaneous and the randomness was increased during Cu sorption. Sorbed Cu on examined HA can be hardly released by NH₄Ac but nearly fully released by EDTA. Forming inner-sphere complexes was the main mechanism of Cu sorption on examined HA. This study could provide valuable information for a better understanding on the environmental impacts of the decomposition of organic waste.