羟基磷灰石/蔗渣炭复合吸附剂的制备及其对As(Ⅴ)的吸附机理

以甘蔗渣为原料,采用水热合成法制备羟基磷灰石/蔗渣炭复合吸附剂--HBA,通过静态吸附试验研究HBA对As（Ⅴ）的吸附特性,并采用红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱对吸附前后的HBA进行表征,探讨其吸附As（Ⅴ）的机理.结果表明:HBA的比表面积为89.52 m2/g,pH_zpc（零点电荷）=7.2,HBA上的羟基磷灰石的分子式为Ca₁₀（PO₄）₆（OH）₂.HBA吸附As（Ⅴ）的效果最佳pH为5.0~9.0.Langmuir等温吸附模型适合拟合HBA对As（V）的吸附等温线,25℃时Langmuir最大吸附量为6.76 mg/g,是蔗渣炭对As（Ⅴ）最大吸附量的20多倍.红外光谱分析表明,HBA含有的＝C＝O、─OH、─COOH等含氧官能团,可为化学吸附提供充足的吸附位点和提高HBA的吸附能力.XPS分析表明,HBA表面的含氧官能团[如羧基（─O─C＝O,532.2 eV）、羟基（─OH,530.6 eV）]参与了吸附反应,羟基磷灰石能提高HBA吸附As（Ⅴ）的能力,被吸附到HBA表面上的As主要以AsO₄3-和HAsO₄2-形态存在.      

5种植物沉床系统对富营养化水体修复效果研究

以狐尾藻、马来眼子菜、金鱼藻、伊乐藻和苦草5种沉水植物为试验材料,构建以沉水植物为核心的人工沉床,探讨富营养化水体中沉水植物的生长状况和沉水植物沉床系统对氮、磷和COD_(Mn)的净化效果。结果表明:5种沉水植物在富营养水体中生长良好,生物量明显增加,以金鱼藻生物量最大。5种沉水植物沉床系统对富营养化水体中的TP、TN和NH_4~+-N去除率较高,均值分别为70.16%、79.60%、79.82%,而对COD_(Mn)的去除率较低,平均为39.74%;其中金鱼藻沉床系统对富营养化水体中的TP、TN、氨氮、COD_(Mn)去除率均最高,分别为79.76%、85.23%、85.81%和46.16%。因此,金鱼藻沉床系统对富营养化水体修复效果最好,同时金鱼藻也是该沉床系统的优选植物。     

浅析室内空气污染

室内空气污染会引发呼吸道疾病,并对神经系统、免疫系统和肝脏都有毒害作用,还是多种流行病传播的媒介,已成为多种疾病发生率提高的主要致病因素,严重影响了人们正常的工作和生活.本文从消费、城市规划和政策法规的角度,分析了产生室内空气污染的主要原因;提出了可以从装修方案设计和建材选择、先进净化技术的采用、选择合理入住时间、健全室内空气质量监测指标、发挥政府调控作用、合理规划城市功能六个方面采取措施,进行室内空气污染的防治.为实现城市居民生活的安全、舒适、健康、美观提供了可参照的科学方法.     

汽车磷化废水的处理工艺研究

磷酸盐是污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996)从严控制的指标.磷酸盐过度排放会导致水体富营养化,恶化水质.目前除磷方法主要有生物法、化学法、物理化学法等.文章以成都某汽车厂的废水处理工程为例,研究了磷化废水的处理工艺及原理,表明采用物化与生化相结合的工艺处理汽车磷化废水可取得良好的处理效果.经监测,其各项指标都达到国家<污水综合排放标准>(GB8978-1996)的一级排放标准.     

超临界水氧化处理技术处理焦化废水的实验研究

采用超临界水氧化技术对焦化厂焦化废水进行实验研究,结果表明:超临界水氧化废水处理装置结构简单、体积小,处理后的水中氨氮、COD和色度达到或低于国家一级排放标准指标,处理工艺无二次污染,是较为理想的焦化废水处理方法。     

Project feasibility study: the key to successful implementation of sustainable and socially responsible construction management practice

This paper introduces a new approach for conducting project feasibility study by embracing the principles of sustainable development. Construction projects, in particular, infrastructures have major influence on the attainment of sustainable development, thus project sustainability needs to be considered. This becomes a pressing issue particularly in those developing countries or regions, such as China where a huge amount of construction works are currently performed and remain to happen in the future. Previous study has addressed little on the relevance of project feasibility study to project sustainability performance. The importance of incorporating sustainable development principles in conducting project feasibility study is not effectively understood by project stakeholders. This paper addresses major challenges of undertaking project feasibility study in line with sustainable construction practice with reference to the Chinese construction industry. A case study approach is the major research method in this study. The research team collected 87 feasibility study reports from various projects. Attributes are used for measuring project performance, including 18 economic performance attributes, nine social performance attributes, and eight environmental performance attributes. Research results show that economic performance is given the most concern in the current practice of project feasibility study, whilst less attention is given to the social and environmental performance. The study reveals the insufficiency of examining the performance of implementing a construction project from the perspective of sustainable development. The results also suggest the need for shifting the traditional approach of project feasibility study to a new approach that embraces the principles of sustainable development.     

“十一五”江苏省地面水域水质污染特征分析

对"十一五"江苏省地面水域水质状况及时空分布特征进行了全面分析,结果表明,"十一五"期间,江苏省地表水水质总体处于轻度污染状态,河流水质呈现较为明显的有机污染特征,影响水质的主要污染物为石油类、氨氮、五日生化需氧量等;主要湖库氮、磷污染较为突出,湖库富营养化问题尚未得到有效控制。水质污染总体表现为枯水期>平水期>丰水期。受社会经济发展影响,地表水质呈现一定的区域流域差异,经济较发达地区水质污染也相对较重。总体来看,"十一五"期间由于加大了产业结构调整与污染防治力度,江苏省地面水域水质污染状况有所改善。     

江苏省环境与社会经济发展协调性分析研究

利用1991年-2010年江苏省主要社会经济、污染物排放和环境质量数据,通过构建环境与社会经济评价指标体系和协调发展度评价模型,对全省不同发展时期环境与社会经济发展协调程度进行定量分析和系统评价.结果表明,20年来,江苏省环境与社会经济协调发展度基本呈现较为平缓的上升趋势,由不协调逐步向比较协调阶段转变,在不同的发展时期,受不同的环境与社会经济发展状况影响,协调发展度指数相应地发生波动变化.但近些年环境与社会经济发展协调性存在下降风险,还需进一步采取有效措施,促进二者协调、可持续发展.     

从实现安全生产谈加强运行班组安全建设的重要性

分析了近年来因运行班组人员操作不当引发事故的原因,主要归结于日常安全管理工作和应急处置不当。提出在日常安全管理方面,操作人员须熟知岗位风险、防止“三违行为”和做好装置开停工期间的安全管理;在应急处置方面,需熟练掌握应急操作技能,培养反应快速、清晰的应急意识等措施,不断提高班组安全能力建设,以便更有效地控制安全风险,实现安全生产。     

Formaldehyde concentration and its influencing factors in residential homes after decoration at Hangzhou, China

Air pollution surveys of formaldehyde(HCHO) were conducted in 2324 rooms decorated within one year in 2007-2009 in Hangzhou,China.The mean HCHO concentration(C HCHO) was 0.107 ± 0.095 mg/m 3,and 38.9% of samples exceeded the Chinese National Standard GB 50325-2010.Over the past 3 years,the C HCHO decreased with time(p < 0.05).Relationships of potential factors to indoor C HCHO were also evaluated.C HCHO was related to temperature(T),relative humidity(RH),time duration of the windows and doors being closed before sampling(DC),time duration from the end of decoration to sampling(DR) and source characteristics(d).A model to relate indoor C HCHO to these five factors(T,RH,DC,DR,d) was established based on 298 samples(R 2 = 0.87).Various factors contributed to C HCHO in the following order:T,43.7%;d,31.0%;DC,10.2%;DR,8.0%;RH,7.0%;specifically,meteorological conditions(i.e.,RH plus T) accounted for 50.7%.The coefficient of T and RH,R TH,was proposed to describe their combined influence on HCHO emission,which also had a linear relationship(R 2 = 0.9387) with HCHO release in a simulation chamber test.In addition,experiments confirm that it is a synergistic action as T and RH accelerate the release of HCHO,and that is a significant factor influencing indoor HCHO pollution.These achievements could lead to reference values of measures for the efficient reduction of indoor HCHO pollution.