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61.
利用2021—2022年Sentinel-2卫星搭载的多光谱成像仪(MSI)遥感数据,通过SNAP遥感软件提供的植被生物物理参数处理模块(Biophysical Processor),反演了苏州消夏湾生态安全缓冲区的5种植被生物物理参数,包括植被吸收光合有效辐射比例(FAPAR)、植被覆盖度(FVC)、叶面积指数(LAI)、冠层叶绿素含量(CCC)和冠层含水量(CWC),开展植被生态环境监测评估研究。结果表明,该生态安全缓冲区2021年建成并投入运行后,植被覆盖度和生物量有所增加,区域植被冠层结构有所改善,植被生物物理参数从一定的角度反映了消夏湾生态安全缓冲区发挥了生态涵养成效。该研究方法能在大尺度上快捷、高效地反演植被生物物理参数,可为通过植被遥感动态监测评估生态安全缓冲区的生态功能提供有益的借鉴。  相似文献   
62.
Mexico City frequently experiences high levels of air pollution. This is due mainly to its topography and meteorology that suppress pollutant diffusion and dispersion. The atmospheric mixing is extremely poor, especially during the dry winter months. The levels of certain pollutants, such as particulate matter, are of concern since they have severe effects on public health. Visibility deterioration is one of the most noticeable effects in large cities. Biological effects of particulate matter on man and animals, ranging from mild eye irritation to death, have been reported. The effects depend on the size of the particles, their solubility, and toxicity. The main objective of this paper is to present the results of a chemical mass balance receptor model applied to a well-characterized data set of particulate matter collected in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA). Samples of particulate matter were collected using a denuder and a Hi-Vol system for the respi-rable fraction and total suspended particles, respectively. In this paper the analysis of a database consisting of the chemical composition of 33 samples of respirable particulate matter (aerosols with diameter less than 2.5 µm) is presented. The 12-hour samples were acquired during day and night periods in a typical medium-income neighborhood from December 19, 1989 through February 5, 1990.  相似文献   
63.
物种敏感性分布法(SSD,Species Sensitivity Distribution)是一种相对于传统评价因子法具有更高置信度的统计学外推方法,在环境质量基准制定及生态风险评价中得到广泛应用。本文对近年来国内外重金属和有机污染物的物种敏感性分布研究成果进行了综述,阐述了在水体、土壤和沉积物等环境介质中应用SSD方法开展生态风险评价的研究现状,从SSD模型选择、毒性数据点筛选等方面对影响SSD模型不确定性的因素进行探讨,并对SSD方法在生态风险评价领域的应用进行了展望。  相似文献   
64.
This paper describes an innovative systematic approach, namely hierarchy grey relational analysis for optimal selection of wastewater treatment alternatives, based on the application of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and grey relational analysis (GRA). It can be applied for complicated multicriteria decision-making to obtain scientific and reasonable results. The effectiveness of this approach was verified through a real case study. Four wastewater treatment alternatives (A(2)/O, triple oxidation ditch, anaerobic single oxidation ditch and SBR) were evaluated and compared against multiple economic, technical and administrative performance criteria, including capital cost, operation and maintenance (O and M) cost, land area, removal of nitrogenous and phosphorous pollutants, sludge disposal effect, stability of plant operation, maturity of technology and professional skills required for O and M. The result illustrated that the anaerobic single oxidation ditch was the optimal scheme and would obtain the maximum general benefits for the wastewater treatment plant to be constructed.  相似文献   
65.
Three limestone slabs (approx. 20 cm2 each) were extracted from the El Tajin archaeological zone in Veracruz, Mexico. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed three components: calcite (81.2%), quartz (17.9%) and feldspar (0.9%). Calcite content by x-ray diffraction analysis was slightly higher than that determined by chemical reaction between the limestone sample and nitric acid. The latter analysis, carried out in triplicate, yielded a calcite content of 77.1%. Mean water absorption, density and porosity of the limestone samples were also determined. Dissolution of limestone samples was investigated using an experimental rainfall simulation chamber, in which the stone samples were irrigated with artificial rain matching the pH and the ionic composition with 40 rainfall samples collected at El Tajin from August 18, 2002, to April 9, 2003. According to calcium and bicarbonate net concentrations found in the effluent of the chamber, a chemical mechanism by which limestone at El Tajin is dissolved by acid rain is proposed. A model used to investigate the air transport pathways corresponding to precipitation events at El Tajin shows that air parcels come mainly from the Gulf of Mexico, although no directional preference is evident for acidic vs. non-acidic events.  相似文献   
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本文利用曲线补偿,变时溶出示差技术提高了测定Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd的灵敏度、精密度和准确度,进一步改变了谱图的分辨率,避免了O2波的干扰  相似文献   
69.
采用现场调研、取样、理化检测和分析的方法 ,以掌握铁路旅客列车垃圾中重金属含量水平 ,垃圾中主要污染元素和主要污染物有关的数据和信息 ;在调查和综合分析的基础上 ,提出铁路旅客列车垃圾重金属污染的防治对策 ,为有效地处理铁路旅客列车垃圾提供了科学依据  相似文献   
70.
基于多领域间影响模型比较计划推荐使用的4个全球气候模式GCM数据(GFDL、Had、IPSL和MIROC),分别驱动SWIM、SWAT、HBV和VIC水文模型模拟长江寸滩站以上流域径流量,研究全球升温1.5℃和2.0℃情景下研究区径流量变化。研究表明:(1)在全球升温1.5℃时,水文模型和GCMs模拟的年径流量增幅分别在 5.5%~8.3%和3.5%~11.4%之间;在全球升温2.0℃时,水文模型模拟的径流量增幅在4.8%~6.7%,IPSL模拟的年径流量呈微弱减少趋势,HAD和MIROC模拟的年径流量分别增加6.7%和19%。来自GCMs的不确定性分别是来自水文模型的2.6和 2.1倍;(2)在两个不同升温条件下,月径流量集合平均的占比与基准期各月径流量的占比表现出高度一致性,但是升温1.5℃和2.0℃时的月最大径流量占比分别为47.8%和40.5%,表明在未来升温时段内,月径流量占比变化并不显著,但是极端月径流的变化较大;(3)全球升温1.5℃时,枯、丰水期日径流量增幅分别为3%和10%,但枯、丰水期径流贡献率变化幅度都不大。全球升温2.0℃时,枯、丰水期增幅分别为3.6%和8%,但枯、丰水期径流贡献率都呈下降趋势。全球升温1.5℃和2.0℃时,50年一遇(P=2%)的洪水流量,将分别比基准期增加26.3%和20.7%。基准期50年一遇的洪水将可能变成20年一遇,多年平均最大日径流量较基准期也有增加。  相似文献   
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