基于偏最小二乘法的黄土湿陷性评价模型

基于统计学相关理论的黄土湿陷系数预测及评价方法是简化其工程应用的重要途径.当前采用多元回归方法建立黄土湿陷系数预测模型过程中往往缺乏对自变量间多重相关性对预测精度影响的合理考量.基于上述考虑,该文分别采用普通多元线性回归方法和偏最小二乘回归方法建立了黄土湿陷系数的多因素(天然含水量、初始孔隙比和压缩系数)回归模型并对二...     

生物法生成单质硫过程中氧化还原电位的研究

采用升流式好氧反应器,接种实验室自行培养的排硫硫杆菌,进水硫化物质量浓度为343～356 mg/L,在不同容积负荷下,研究不同氧化还原电位(ORP)对硫化物生物转化的影响.结果表明,ORP为(-260±10)mV时,硫化物去除率均达95%以上;随着ORP的降低,硫化物去除率和硫酸根生成率均呈下降趋势;不同容积负荷下,控制合适的ORP均可得到单质硫的最大生成率.     

2016年中国城市臭氧浓度的时空变化规律

随着城市化进程的加快和机动车保有量的急剧增加,导致我国很多地区臭氧（O₃）前体物（挥发性有机物和氮氧化物）排放量显著增加,臭氧污染现象日益突出.臭氧污染对人体健康、植被生长、生态环境等具有重要影响,已成为学术界研究的热点.为揭示全国尺度近地面臭氧的时空变化规律,本文基于2016年中国364个城市的监测数据分析了中国城市O₃浓度的时空变化特征,并采用Global Moran''s I和Getis-Ord G_i^*指数,揭示了2016年中国城市O₃污染的空间集聚和冷热点区域的时空特征.结果表明,在全国尺度上,2016年中国城市年均O₃浓度为100.2 μg·m^-3,北方城市和南方城市O₃浓度分别具有显著的倒"V"和"M"型月变化规律,且呈现夏季高、春秋季居中、冬季最低的特征;中国城市O₃浓度具有显著的空间分异规律,中部和东部是O₃污染的高发区,西部地区和黑龙江省的O₃污染处于较低水平;中国城市O₃浓度具有显著的集聚性特征,且呈现1-5月由南向北而6-12月由北向南扩展的年周期循环特征,热点地区主要集中在华北、华中和华东地区.     

FTIR研究非完全脱乙酰甲壳质对金属离子的吸附机理

以傅立叶交换红外光谱(FTIR)法研究了非完全脱乙酰甲壳质(NCTS)与Cu~ (2+),Ni~(2+),Co~(1+),Zn~(2+),Cd(2+),Hg~(2+),Ag~+,Pb~(2+)等八种金属离子形成的配合物的结构特征,并对各配合物在4000—400cm~(-1)范围内的主要吸收带作了经验归属.研究结果表明,在NCTS的金属离子配合物中,除—NH_2,—OH参予了配位外,羰基((?)C=O)和酰胺基(—CONH—)亦在不同程度上参予了配位;NCTS对Hg~(2+),Ag~+的吸附过程中存在着明显的氧化还原现象,Hg~(2+),Ag~+,分别被还原为Hg_2~(2+)和Ag~0,而NCTS分子中的—CH_2OH有可能被氧化成—COOH.     

Effect of liming and seasonal variation on lead concentration of tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze)

Tea is a widely consumed beverage. However, recent studies revealed that there were an increasing number of cases of tea products exceeding the former maximum permissible concentration (MPC) in China for Pb (2 mg kg(-1)). Tea Pb contamination is an issue affecting trade and consumer confidence. Root uptake of Pb could contribute significantly to Pb accumulation in tea leaves due to the strong acidity of many tea garden soils. We conducted pot and field experiments to evaluate the effect of liming on Pb uptake by tea plants on two highly acidic soils (pH3.6). Additions of CaCO(3) significantly increased soil pH by up to 1 unit and decreased soil extractable Pb by up to 32%. Liming resulted in a decrease in the proportion of Pb in the exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions, with a concurrent increase in the fractions bound to Fe/Mn oxides and residues. Liming significantly decreased Pb concentrations of fine roots, stems and new shoots of tea plants in the pot experiment. In the field experiments, the effect of liming was not significant during the first year following CaCO(3) application, but became significant during the second and third years and Pb concentration in the new shoots was decreased by approximately 20-50%, indicating that liming of acidic tea garden soils is an effective way to reduce Pb contamination of tea. The study also reveals a distinct seasonal variation, with Pb concentration in the new shoots following the order of spring>autumn>summer.     

蓝藻与污泥混合厌氧发酵产沼气的初步研究

为了实现太湖蓝藻打捞后的快速处置,对厌氧颗粒污泥、消化污泥、剩余污泥与蓝藻混合厌氧发酵产沼气进行了研究。结果表明,蓝藻与污泥混合可以有效促进沼气发酵。在蓝藻与厌氧颗粒污泥物料比为6∶1时,产气效果最佳,沼气产率为73 mL/g VS,平均甲烷含量为69%,最大产气速率为138 mL/d,累计产甲烷量为50 mL CH₄/g干物质,分别是蓝藻与消化污泥、剩余污泥混合发酵时的1.5倍和2.3倍。厌氧颗粒污泥、消化污泥、剩余污泥与蓝藻混合,其VS降解率为11.40%～13.73 %,COD减少了27.97%～46.38%。厌氧发酵对蓝藻藻毒素的含量有较大影响,分别从356、366和244 μg/L降低到检测限5 μg/L 以下。     

南京外秦淮河河岸带原生植被初步调查

对南京外秦淮河河岸带原生植被进行了初步调查.外秦淮河河岸带原生植被共有28科、50属、53种,其中漂浮植物4种,占7.55%,沉水植物1种,占1.89%,挺水和湿生植物13种,占24.53%,陆生草本和藤本植物24种,占45.28%,乔木和灌木11种,占20.75%.在概括外秦淮河自然环境和分析原生植被主要特征的基础上,提出在进行河岸带植被群落重建时应注重闸下段河岸带植被群落的重建,增加沉水植物、浮叶植物和观赏性植物的种植.另外,植被群落可按河道垂向的常水位以下区域、变化水位区域和洪水位以上区域来构建.     

呼和浩特学生尿中1—羟基芘的抽样分析

用反相高压液相色谱对呼市小学生及对照点草原牧民尿中的１－羟基芘进行测定,同时测定两地区大气颗粒物及空气中多环芳烃的含量。结果表明,市区小学生尿中１－羟基芘的浓度采暖季节高于非采暧季节;且显著高于对照点的浓度;尿中１－羟基芘的浓度与空气中全态多环芳烃（ＰＡＨｓ）的代表化合物芘或ＢａＰ有很好的正相关。     

Degradation of Polypropylene by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains LICME WZH-4 and WGH-6

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - In the present study, two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, WZH-4 and WGH-6, were isolated based on their ability to survive with polypropylene (PP) as...