对矿井通风问题的思考

矿井通风问题往往会导致煤矿瓦斯爆炸的事故,从风机选择、系统设计、调节方式及管理等方面提出了看法与建议。     

KR法铁水脱硫自动控制系统软件的编制及调试

根据KR搅拌式铁水脱硫的工艺流程、设备及操作特点,对铁水脱硫自动控制系统软件进行编制,并对软件调试中出现的问题加以解决,确保系统安全、可靠、高效运行。     

影响钝顶螺旋藻固碳的环境因子优化

为了提高钝顶螺旋藻生长过程中的固碳速率,从CO2浓度、温度和光周期3个主要环境因子进行优化。实验结果表明,钝顶螺旋藻在2 L三角瓶中培养时,最佳培养条件为10%CO2,温度30℃,光周期16/8。最佳培养条件下,钝顶螺旋藻对数生长期内比生长速率与固碳速率均达到峰值0.512 d-1和42.506 mg/(L.h)。此外,钝顶螺旋藻的底物消耗表明培养液中的N、P足量,其初始添加量可以满足藻体的生长需要;生长过程中补加10%CO2一方面补充钝顶螺旋藻可吸收碳源,另一方面有利于缓解培养液pH升高对藻生长的影响。     

Odour emission characteristics of 22 recreational rivers in Nanjing

The odour emission characteristics of 22 recreational rivers in Nanjing were investigated and analysed. Eight odorous compounds (ammonia (NH₃), hydrogen sulphide (H₂S), sulphur dioxide (SO₂), carbon disulphide (CS₂), nitrobenzene (C₆H₅NO₂), aniline (C₆H₅NH₂), dimethylamine (C₂H₇N), and formaldehyde (HCHO)) were measured in odour emission samples collected using a custom-made emission flux hood chamber. The results showed that all odorants were detected in all monitoring rivers. NH₃ was the main odorant, with emission rates ranging from 4.86 to 15.13 μg/min m². The total odour emission rate of the Nan River, at 1 427.07 OU/s, was the highest of the all investigated rivers. H₂S, NH₃ and nitrobenzene were three key odour emission contributors according to their contributions to the total odour emission. A correlation analysis of the pollutants showed there was a significant positive correlation between the emission rate of NH₃ and the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH₄ ⁺-N) and total nitrogen (TN). The H₂S and SO₂ emission rates had a significant positive correlation with sulphides (S^2?) and available sulphur (AS) in the water and sediment. The content of TN, NH₄ ⁺-N, S^2? and AS in the water and sediment affected the concentration of H₂S, SO₂ and NH₃ in the emission gases. NH₄ ⁺-N, S^2? and AS are suggested as the key odour control indexes for reducing odours emitted from these recreational rivers. The study provides useful information for effective pollution control, especially for odour emission control for the recreational rivers of the city. It also provides a demonstrate example to show how to monitor and assess a contaminated river when odour emission and its control need to be focused on.     

TTC-脱氢酶还原法测定藻细胞活性的优化与评价

TTC-脱氢酶还原法可用于藻细胞活性的测定,但藻细胞色素会对测定产生影响。实验结果显示,当4mL细胞密度为1．3×10^10个／L的藻样,在提取剂浓度大于60％时,色素在485nm处产生吸光度值迭0．35-0．52,对测定产生较大干扰。采用正已烷进行萃取,可去除部分色素干扰,能将色素产生吸光度值降到0．14-0．32。碱性物质会破坏色素,在乙醇提取剂中加入KOH或NaOH,可将色素产生吸光度值从0．14—0．32降到0．04～0．26,所加碱性物质最佳浓度为0．001M～0．01M,过高浓度会破坏TTC的还原产物三苯基甲腊（TPF）。色素去除的最佳条件是：使用含0．001M～0．01MKOH或NaOH的50％乙醇作为提取剂,提取TPF后,用正已烷进行萃取,色素所致吸光度值可从0．45降至0．04,基本将色素干扰去除。     

用苎麻生物脱胶废水生产热带假丝酵母单细胞蛋白

采用热带假丝酵母处理苎麻生物脱胶废水。将COD为23 060 mg/L的苎麻生物脱胶废水稀释1倍后进行发酵处理,COD去除率最高,为60.85%。发酵条件的正交实验结果表明:在发酵温度为35℃、初始发酵pH为7.0、接种量为10%、发酵时间为48 h的条件下,苎麻生物脱胶废水COD去除率最高;发酵温度为30℃、初始发酵pH为7.0、接种量为10%、发酵时间为48 h的条件下,单细胞蛋白生成量最高。发酵时间为48 h时,灭菌的发酵培养基的COD去除率为75.75%,单细胞蛋白生成量为5.375 g/L;未灭菌的发酵培养基的COD去除率为72.25%,单细胞蛋白生成量为2.875 g/L。     

生活垃圾焚烧飞灰稳定化处理新工艺的研究

在生活垃圾焚烧处置过程中，会产生一定量的飞灰（Fly Ash）．飞灰中含有危害环境的有害元素，根据国家有关规定，必须按危险废物处置。文章介绍了传统的水泥稳定化处理飞灰的工艺及应用射流技术稳定化处理飞灰的新工艺；对磷酸盐固化剂的固化机理及配比进行了分析；并对新老工艺的成本进行了比较。     

Identical full-scale biogas-lift reactors (BLRs) with anaerobic granular sludge and residual activated sludge for brewery wastewater treatment and kinetic modeling

Two identical full-scale biogas-lift reactors treating brewery wastewater were inoculated with different types of sludge to compare their operational conditions, sludge characteristics, and kinetic models at a mesophilic temperature. One reactor （R1） started up with anaerobic granular sludge in 12 weeks and obtained a continuously average organic loading rate （OLR） of 7.4 kg chemical oxygen demand （COD）/（m3.day）, COD removal efficiency of 80%, and effluent COD of 450 mg/L. The other reactor （R2） started up with residual activated sludge in 30 weeks and granulation accomplished when the reactor reached an average OLR of 8.3 kg COD/（m^3·day）, COD removal efficiency of 90%, and effluent COD of 240 mg/L. Differences in sludge characteristics,biogas compositions, and biogas- lift processes may be accounted for the superior efficiency of the treatment performance of R2 over R1. Grau second-order and modified StoverKincannon models based on influent and effluent concentrations as well as hydraulic retention time were successfully used to develop kinetic parameters of the experimental data with high correlation coefficients （R2 〉 0.95）, which further showed that R2 had higher treatment performance than R1. These results demonstrated that residual activated sludge could be used effectively instead of anaerobic granular sludge despite the need for a longer time.     

PCrNi3MoVA钢动态再结晶晶粒尺寸的影响因素

此文利用Formastor-Press热模拟试验机研究了Z参数、奥氏体起始晶粒尺寸D_0和应变ε对PCrNi3MoVA铜动态再结晶晶粒尺寸D_(dyn)的影响。通过对试验数据进行分析发现以下规律:①1nD_(dyn)=a+blnZ,②lnD_(dyn)=c+dlnD_0;③lnD_(dyn)=e+flnε 10％≤ε≤40％,其中a、b、c、d、e、f为不同的常数,据此,此文采用线性回归方法获得了上述这些常数的值。