用苎麻生物脱胶废水生产热带假丝酵母单细胞蛋白

采用热带假丝酵母处理苎麻生物脱胶废水。将COD为23 060 mg/L的苎麻生物脱胶废水稀释1倍后进行发酵处理,COD去除率最高,为60.85%。发酵条件的正交实验结果表明:在发酵温度为35℃、初始发酵pH为7.0、接种量为10%、发酵时间为48 h的条件下,苎麻生物脱胶废水COD去除率最高;发酵温度为30℃、初始发酵pH为7.0、接种量为10%、发酵时间为48 h的条件下,单细胞蛋白生成量最高。发酵时间为48 h时,灭菌的发酵培养基的COD去除率为75.75%,单细胞蛋白生成量为5.375 g/L;未灭菌的发酵培养基的COD去除率为72.25%,单细胞蛋白生成量为2.875 g/L。     

社会环境检测机构质量监管措施研讨

就目前的情况而言,我国在社会环境检测机构质量不容乐观。因此,我们应该根据实际情况,来设置相应的社会环境检测监管方案。我们可以通过严格规范社会环境检测机构市场准入门槛、创设专门的社会环境检测机构质量监管部门、创设社会环境检测机构网上投诉平台等方式,来提升监管力度,让社会环境检测机构正确发挥其应有的作用。     

蜡染废水在线处理回用及热能回收工程实例

采用絮凝沉淀-ClO2脱色-砂滤-微波无极紫外光催化氧化工艺对青岛凤凰印染有限公司蜡染印花水洗废水进行处理,详细论述了该工艺的运行特点、处理及回用效果。结果表明,在进水COD及色度波动很大的情况下,处理后废水水质长期稳定达到COD100 mg/L,色度10倍,其他各项水质指标均可满足蜡染水洗工序的生产回用要求,并回收了水中的热能。废水回用率达80%,日节水200 t,节约热能折合成标准煤约为1 t,为印染行业完成节能20%,减排20%的总体目标提供了新的思路。     

用于地表水反硝化的纤维素碳源选择研究

为了选取合适的天然有机物作为反硝化细菌碳源用于解决地表水中NO3--N污染问题,以江南大学校内湖水为接种物,选取8种天然纤维素碳源在缺氧状态不同的处理方式下对60 mg/L NO3--N的降解特性进行研究。结果表明,以碱处理作为预处理可明显提高反硝化速率,碳源脱氮率均在96%以上（树皮除外）。2种处理方式中均有NO2--N累积,部分碳源释放NH4＋-N并发生DNRA反应,树叶在2种处理中脱氮效果均较好。结合各碳源脱氮率、耗碳源量以及处理成本,选取基本处理的香樟叶作为最佳纤维素碳源。     

影响钝顶螺旋藻固碳的环境因子优化

为了提高钝顶螺旋藻生长过程中的固碳速率,从CO2浓度、温度和光周期3个主要环境因子进行优化。实验结果表明,钝顶螺旋藻在2 L三角瓶中培养时,最佳培养条件为10%CO2,温度30℃,光周期16/8。最佳培养条件下,钝顶螺旋藻对数生长期内比生长速率与固碳速率均达到峰值0.512 d-1和42.506 mg/(L.h)。此外,钝顶螺旋藻的底物消耗表明培养液中的N、P足量,其初始添加量可以满足藻体的生长需要;生长过程中补加10%CO2一方面补充钝顶螺旋藻可吸收碳源,另一方面有利于缓解培养液pH升高对藻生长的影响。     

微生物降解前后COD差值法快速测定BOD

采用活性污泥曝气法降解前后COD差值的方法,进行了BOD快速检测的研究。条件实验结果表明,其适宜检测条件为:降解时间180 min;污泥量5 mL/100 mL;pH值7.0;温度25℃。模拟废水检测结果表明,该测定方法具有较高的重复性,5次测定的相对偏差小于6.5%,在BOD浓度为0~500 mg/L范围内,微生物降解前后COD差值与BOD5有良好的相关性,其相关系数达到0.98。因此,可以通过测定微生物降解前后COD值,实现快速BOD检测的目的,同时,也可实现COD和BOD一体化检测,这将是今后COD和BOD检测研究的发展方向之一。     

Odour emission characteristics of 22 recreational rivers in Nanjing

The odour emission characteristics of 22 recreational rivers in Nanjing were investigated and analysed. Eight odorous compounds (ammonia (NH₃), hydrogen sulphide (H₂S), sulphur dioxide (SO₂), carbon disulphide (CS₂), nitrobenzene (C₆H₅NO₂), aniline (C₆H₅NH₂), dimethylamine (C₂H₇N), and formaldehyde (HCHO)) were measured in odour emission samples collected using a custom-made emission flux hood chamber. The results showed that all odorants were detected in all monitoring rivers. NH₃ was the main odorant, with emission rates ranging from 4.86 to 15.13 μg/min m². The total odour emission rate of the Nan River, at 1 427.07 OU/s, was the highest of the all investigated rivers. H₂S, NH₃ and nitrobenzene were three key odour emission contributors according to their contributions to the total odour emission. A correlation analysis of the pollutants showed there was a significant positive correlation between the emission rate of NH₃ and the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH₄ ⁺-N) and total nitrogen (TN). The H₂S and SO₂ emission rates had a significant positive correlation with sulphides (S^2?) and available sulphur (AS) in the water and sediment. The content of TN, NH₄ ⁺-N, S^2? and AS in the water and sediment affected the concentration of H₂S, SO₂ and NH₃ in the emission gases. NH₄ ⁺-N, S^2? and AS are suggested as the key odour control indexes for reducing odours emitted from these recreational rivers. The study provides useful information for effective pollution control, especially for odour emission control for the recreational rivers of the city. It also provides a demonstrate example to show how to monitor and assess a contaminated river when odour emission and its control need to be focused on.     

ORP控制在硫化物生物氧化成单质硫过程中的应用

试验采用气升式反应器,接种实验室自行培养的排硫硫杆菌种,在进水pH值为7.0±0.2,温度控制在30±2℃条件下,研究了以ORP为控制参数在硫化物生物氧化成单质硫过程中的应用,并考察了pH和污泥硫负荷对ORP及硫化物生物氧化的影响.结果表明,硫化物去除率和硫酸根生成率均随ORP的降低而下降,不同容积负荷下,控制合适的ORP均可得到单质硫的最大生成率;当ORP为-380～340 mV,pH为7.85～8.63,污泥硫负荷为8.4 kg S/(kg MLSS·d)时,反应器运行状况良好.     

Identical full-scale biogas-lift reactors (BLRs) with anaerobic granular sludge and residual activated sludge for brewery wastewater treatment and kinetic modeling

Two identical full-scale biogas-lift reactors treating brewery wastewater were inoculated with different types of sludge to compare their operational conditions, sludge characteristics, and kinetic models at a mesophilic temperature. One reactor （R1） started up with anaerobic granular sludge in 12 weeks and obtained a continuously average organic loading rate （OLR） of 7.4 kg chemical oxygen demand （COD）/（m3.day）, COD removal efficiency of 80%, and effluent COD of 450 mg/L. The other reactor （R2） started up with residual activated sludge in 30 weeks and granulation accomplished when the reactor reached an average OLR of 8.3 kg COD/（m^3·day）, COD removal efficiency of 90%, and effluent COD of 240 mg/L. Differences in sludge characteristics,biogas compositions, and biogas- lift processes may be accounted for the superior efficiency of the treatment performance of R2 over R1. Grau second-order and modified StoverKincannon models based on influent and effluent concentrations as well as hydraulic retention time were successfully used to develop kinetic parameters of the experimental data with high correlation coefficients （R2 〉 0.95）, which further showed that R2 had higher treatment performance than R1. These results demonstrated that residual activated sludge could be used effectively instead of anaerobic granular sludge despite the need for a longer time.     

乙酸钠为碳源时进水COD和总磷对生物除磷的影响

研究了乙酸钠为碳源时,乙酸盐和总磷浓度对循序间歇式生物除磷工艺运行效果的影响,以及含高浓度乙酸盐废水不能有效除磷的原因结果表明:COD<600mg·L^-1时,随着COD/TP值的增大,总磷去除率提高,COD/TP<50时,磷的去除率提高显著,但当COD/TP>50时,磷的去除变化不大;进水乙酸盐浓度过高(COD>600mg·L^-1)使除磷效率逐渐下降,COD>1000 mg·L^-1会使生物除磷系统完全崩溃;研究发现除磷效率的下降是由于过多的乙酸盐从厌氧段进入了好氧段,引起丝状菌的增殖、污泥膨胀,导致聚磷菌被洗出.