基于入户调查的中国北方人口生活耗水量估算与地域差异

基于人口生活用水的入户实地调查,结合中国北方县域单元人口和气象台站降水量,厘定了不同降水带及其不同时段的人均生活耗水系数(η),同时得出相应地带不同时代的人口生活耗水量。研究表明:不同降水带的η值从20世纪50年代到90年代增长速度加快,100～200、200～400、400～600和600～800mm降水带η值增加幅度依次为1.84倍、2.62倍、2.84倍和2.68倍;从不同降水带来看,人口生活耗水量从20世纪50年代到90年代都是400～600mm降水带最高,然后向两边依次递减。降水带人口生活耗水量与相应降水带面积的比值(k)普遍增加,表明中国北方各降水带人口生活耗水量对各带的生态环境压力在增大。研究可为估算不同地带人口生活用水量、建立家户层次的水资源高效利用模式提供参考。     

利用EXCEL制作质量控制图

本文在利用EXCEL制作控制图方面进行了初步尝试。以该方法制作控制图快速、准确、易于推广,是环境监测工作中质量控制的有效手段。     

Ethylene,xylene, toluene and hexane are major contributors of atmospheric ozone in Hangzhou,China, prior to the 2022 Asian Games

Environmental Chemistry Letters - The occurrence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere is a major health issue, notably in China, because those compounds are the precursors of...     

Investigation on solar photocatalytic degradation of various dyes in the presence of Er3+:YAlO3/ZnO–TiO2 composite

In this work, Er³⁺:YAlO₃/ZnO–TiO₂ and ZnO–TiO₂ composites were prepared by the ultrasonic dispersion and liquid boiling method. In succession, they were then characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Acid red B as a model dye compound was degraded under solar light irradiation to evaluate the photocatalytic activities of the Er³⁺:YAlO₃/ZnO–TiO₂ and ZnO–TiO₂ composites. We found that the photocatalytic activity of ZnO–TiO₂ composite can be enhanced by adding an appropriate amount of Er³⁺:YAlO₃. We reviewed influencing factors, such as Er³⁺:YAlO₃ content, heat-treated temperature and heat-treated time on the photocatalytic activity of the Er³⁺:YAlO₃/ZnO–TiO₂ composites. In addition, the effects of solar light irradiation time, dye initial concentration, Er³⁺:YAlO₃/ZnO–TiO₂ amount and solution acidity on the photocatalytic degradation of acid red B dye in aqueous solution were investigated in detail. Simultaneously, the degradation and comparison of other dyes such as methyl orange (MO), rhodamine B (RM-B), azo fuchsine (AF), congo red (CG-R) and methyl blue (MB) were also reviewed. In addition, we attempted to explore both the principle of possible excitation of Er³⁺:YAlO₃/ZnO–TiO₂ under solar light irradiation and the mechanism of photocatalytic degradation.     

An Improved Model for Analyzing the Performance of Photocatalytic Oxidation Reactors in Removing Volatile Organic Compounds and Its Application

Abstract

An improved photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) reactor model was developed to analyze the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor air. One new parameter, the average total removing factor K _t, together with the other two parameters, the number of mass transfer units NTU_m and the fractional conversion e, are found to be the main parameters influencing the photooxidation performance of PCO reactors. Three new parameters, the ideal reaction number of mass transfer units, NTU_m,ir; the ideal reaction fractional conversion, ε_ir; and the reaction effectiveness, η, also are defined. These concepts are helpful to the structural design and optimization for PCO reactors. The application of the model in designing a plate-type PCO reactor is demonstrated. This study shows that the present model is an effective tool for designing PCO reactors and for evaluating VOC removal performance of available PCO reactors.     

Ranging patterns of bottlenose dolphins living in oceanic waters: implications for population structure

Very little is known about the ecology of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) living in oceanic waters. This study investigated the ranging and residence patterns of bottlenose dolphins occurring in the Azores (Portugal), the most isolated archipelago in the North Atlantic. Data were collected during standardized boat-based surveys conducted over a 6-year period in an area of approximately 5,400 km² (main study area). To investigate the extent of movements of individual animals, non-systematic surveys were also conducted outside this area. Only 44 individuals out of 966 identified were frequently sighted within and between years. The remaining individuals were either temporary migrants from within or outside the archipelago, or transients. Resident dolphins showed strong geographic fidelity to the area. Long-distance movements (of almost 300 km), consistent with foraging or exploratory trips, were observed among non-resident dolphins. Home range size was estimated for 31 individuals sighted ≥10 times. Range areas of these dolphins varied in size and location, but considerable overlap was observed in the areas used, suggesting the absence of habitat partitioning between resident and non-resident dolphins. Estimates of home range size of bottlenose dolphins in the Azores were found to be considerably larger than those previously reported for this species. It is hypothesized that dolphins living in the Azores carry out extensive movements and have large home ranges in response to the lower density and patchy distribution of prey compared to other areas. The extensive ranging behaviour and the lack of territoriality provide an opportunity for interbreeding between dolphins associated with different islands, thus preventing genetic differentiation within the population of the Azores.     

油库消防自动控制系统的设计

提出了一套合理可靠的油库消防自动控制系统的设计方案，介绍了设计过程及应注意的问题。     

Immunoassay of red dyes based on the monoclonal antibody of β-naphthol

The objective of the present study was to develop a multi-analyte immunoassay for the determination of eight red dyes in food samples. Two dye intermediates (2-hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid and 1-amino-2-naphthol) were used as the haptens to produce the monoclonal antibodies. The obtained monoclonal antibodies recognized Sudan 1–4, Para red, Sudan red G, Sudan red B and Acid orange II simultaneously. After evaluation of different antibody/coating antigen combinations, a heterologous indirect competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was developed to determine the eight red dyes in food samples (chili oil, chili powder, tomato sauce, hotpot seasoning). The crossreactivities to the eight analytes were in the range of 61%–79% (with β-naphthol as 100%), and the limits of detection were in the range of 1.3–1.9 ng/mL. The recoveries of the eight analytes from the fortified blank samples were in the range of 84.2%–115% with coefficients of variation lower than 18.3%. Therefore, this method could be used as a rapid and simple tool to detect the residues of the eight red dyes in foods.     

天津市清洁生产审核实践探讨

本文简要介绍了清洁生产审核的意义和作用,针对国内实施清洁生产审核的程序在实际运用中遇到的问题,结合天津市工业企业现有发展水平及进行清洁生产审核工作的案例,对清洁生产审核工作进行了剖析和总结.     

中国省域碳排放及其驱动因子的时空异质性研究

本文选取30省(自治区、直辖市)行政单位作为基本空间单元,依据2003-2010年中国统计年鉴和中国能源统计年鉴数据,采用探索性空间分析(ESDA)方法和地理加权回归模型(GWR),分析八年间碳排放影响因素及其影响程度的时空分布,揭示我国碳排放的区域差异及其驱动因子的时空异质性。研究结果表明:在2003-2010年间,碳减排潜力相对较大区域主要集中在中东部地区,并有向四周扩展的趋势;全国省域碳排放存在较为显著的空间正相关性,且相关性的总体趋势呈现出先上升后下降的空间格局,表明在碳减排的进程中,全国碳排放量的总体空间差异在逐步缩小;碳排放的驱动因子存在明显的时空异质性,如GDP驱动因子在不同省域影响程度不同,而且2006年的GDP驱动因子的回归系数普遍高于2003年,人口影响因子也存在省域的异质性,2010年人口回归系数高于2003年;GDP对碳排放的影响最为显著,影响显著的区域从2003年西部转移到中东部,2010年又移回西部,这进一步说明碳减排与经济增长的复杂关系,意味着碳减排和经济发展并重需要优化经济发展方式,提高能源利用效率。