浅谈清洁生产在山东焦化行业中的应用

阐述了在焦化行业开展清洁生产的必要性,结合焦化企业开展清洁生产的实例,从废物最小化和资源化等方面概述了清洁生产技术在焦化行业中的应用;并以山东焦化企业为例论述如何做好清洁生产工作。     

苏里格气田气井现状及钻井泥浆的成分、危害

随着苏里格气田天然气探明储量的增加,气田的开发力度逐渐加大,气田开发带给当地的生态环境问题也在凸显。本文介绍了苏里格气田的现状及钻井泥浆的成分及危害,为减少环境危害提供理论依据。     

内蒙古草原挥发性有机物排放通量的研究

2002年夏季,利用静态箱方法,对我国内蒙古草原生态系统挥发性有机物的排放进行了首次测量,同时观测了太阳辐射、温湿度等参数.结果表明,异戊二烯是草地挥发性有机物排放中的主要成分.异戊二烯的排放有明显的日变化、逐日变化和季节变化规律.因子分析表明,可见光辐射、温度、水汽含量是影响异戊二烯排放的主要因子,而且可见光辐射是控制其排放过程的最主要因子.根据相关分析,在考虑影响异戊二烯的排放因子时,不仅要考虑通常的影响因子--可见光辐射、温度,还要考虑水汽的作用.箱方法的使用不可避免地造成箱内外太阳辐射、温湿度等的差别,因此,必须考虑修正采样箱对挥发性有机物排放通量带来的影响.2002年夏季,异戊二烯排放通量(C)的最大值为1649.3μg/(m²·h).6、8、9月采样期间异戊二烯排放通量的日平均值分别为886.6、707.0、427.2μg/(m²·h).     

基于环境库兹涅茨曲线理论的中国“先污染，后治理”问题的研究

研究表明,经济发展与环境退化之间经常呈现倒“U”型曲线关系,许多学者将其定义为环境库兹涅茨曲线（Environmental Kuznets Curves,EKC）,并将其运用到对发展中国家和发达国家的“先污染,后治理”的发展模式的解释之中,但是环境库兹涅茨曲线假说本身并不完善。利用现有数据建立了针对CO2和水污染物COD排放量的中国的环境库兹涅茨曲线。同时对其未来走势进行预测,得出结论：近期内CO2排放量会随着经济的发展持续增加;而COD的排放量已经趋于稳定,只会有略微增加。     

机动车排放检测和维修制度实施效果分析

实施检测和维修制度是机动车污染控制的重要措施 ,机动车排放检测是检测和维修制度的主要内容 .本研究利用累积分布曲线 ,通过双怠速检测排放限值对各类型高排放车辆的识别率 ,从检测数据、现行标准、上线合格率 3个角度对北京市检测和维修制度的排放限值制定、组织形式和实施效果进行分析 ,提出各受检物排放限值的匹配原则 .     

青岛酸雨天气边界层气象特征

青岛地区酸雨成因研究表明,青岛市近代工业发展排放大量致酸物质、海洋上天然排放的二甲基硫是重要的原因;青岛地区边界层风场和温度场的特殊规律是形成酸雨的另一个重要原因;江淮气旋和黄淮气旋大型天气形势起了辅助作用。本文着重分析研究了1993年7月23日一次典型酸雨的实际例子,证明了上述论点。     

地下水污染修复的可渗透性反应墙技术

系统介绍了一种新的地下水污染治理技术——渗透性反应墙，阐述了可渗透反应墙的类型、活性材料的选取、反应机理，可渗透反应墙的构建、应用实例以及存在问题等，并展望了其今后还需深入研究的方向，认为其是一种非常有发展前景的环境污染修复技术。这将为在我国开展该方法的研究和应用打下基础。     

Fractionation of residual Al in natural water treatment from reservoir with poly-aluminum-silicate-chloride (PASiC): Effect of OH/Al, Si/Al molar ratios and initial pH

An aluminum fractionation study was conducted for a surface reservoir water treatment to understand the performance of poly-aluminum-silicate-chloride (PASiC) in terms of the residual Al fractions as a function of initial pH. The coagulation performance expressed as turbidity and organic matter removal was established as supporting data. Some extra data were evaluated in terms of the residual Al ratio of the composite PASiC coagulant. The main residual Al sources were the Al fractions derived from the use of PASiC. The turbidity and organic matter removal ability was optimal at initial pH 6.00-7.00, while the concentrations of various residual Al species and the residual Al ratio of PASiC were minimal at an initial pH range of 7.00-8.00. Under the conditions of OH/Al molar ratio = 2.00 and Si/Al molar ratio = 0.05, PASiC had superior coagulation performance and comparatively low residual Al concentrations. The Al fraction in the composite PASiC coagulant seldom remained under such conditions. Experimental data also indicated that the suspended (filterable) Al fraction was the dominant species, and organic-bound or organo-Al complex Al was considered to be the major species of dissolved Al in water treated by PASiC coagulation. Additionally, the dissolved inorganic monomeric Al species dominated the dissolved monomeric Al fraction.     

原油加热炉炉管剩余寿命评估

根据加热炉炉管温度分布,提出了加热炉炉管剩余寿命评估方法:即炉管蠕变损伤后剩余寿命的评估和腐蚀损伤后剩余寿命的评估,采用此方法对在用加热炉进行了评估,并对评价结果进行了验证.     

Glucose production from hydrolysis of cellulose over a novel silica catalyst under hydrothermal conditions

A novel silica catalyst was synthesized by evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) method and tested for the catalytic selective hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose. This silica catalyst exhibited a higher catalytic activity than other oxides prepared by the same method, such as ZrO₂, TiO₂, and Al₂O₃. Using silica as a catalyst, cellulose was selectively hydrolyzed into glucose with a glucose yield as high as 50% under hydrothermal conditions without hydrogen gas. The silica catalyst was characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results of temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH₃-TPD) and textural properties indicated that the synergistic effect between strong acidity and a suitable pore diameter of the silica catalyst may be responsible for its high activity. In addition, the catalyst was recyclable and showed excellent stability during the recycle catalytic runs.